Impact of Network Charge Design in an Energy System with Large Penetration of Renewables and High Prosumer Shares

The transformation of our energy system toward zero net CO2 emissions correlates with a stronger use of low energy density renewable energy sources (RES), such as photovoltaic (PV) energy. As a source of flexibility, distributed PV systems, in particular, are oftentimes installed in combination with battery storage systems. These storage systems are dispatchable, i.e., controllable by the operating owners, who can thereby take over an active market role as energy prosumers. The particular battery operation modes are based on the individual prosumer decisions, which, in turn, are strongly affected by the regulatory framework in place. Regulatory frameworks differ from country to country, but almost all regulatory frameworks feature a network charge mechanism, which allocates network infrastructure and operating costs to the end customers. This raises the question of the extent to which different network charges lead to different prosumer decisions, i.e., battery operation modes, and thus different energy system configurations (system costs). In order to evaluate this question we apply (a) a fundamental linear optimization model of the energy wholesale market, which we stringently link to (b) an analysis of peak-coincident network capacity utilization as well as (c) an evaluation of the complete costs of energy for prosumers and consumers. This stringent cycle of analysis is applied to two prototypical network allocation schemes. We demonstrate that network allocation schemes that are orientated to peak-coincident network capacity utilization could both better incentivize a distribution network-oriented behaviour and better share financial burdens between prosuming and purely consuming households than would be the case for volumetric network charge designs. This paper further demonstrates that network-oriented battery operation does not, per se, result in optimal RES integration at the wholesale market level and CO2 emissions reduction. To identify effects from increasing sector integration, an analysis is both performed for a setting without and with consideration of widespread e-mobility. As a broader conclusion, our results demonstrate that future regulatory frameworks should have a stronger focus on prosumer integration by means, among other things, of an adequate network charge design reflecting the increasingly distributed nature of our future energy system.

IMPLEMENTATION OF COVID-19 VACCINE TEMPERATURE MONITORING AND TRACKING SYSTEM

This paper is concerned with the design and implementation of real-time temperature control, monitoring, and tracking system for COVID-19 Vaccines. COVID-19 Vaccines must be stored properly from the manufacture's time until the administration's time to people. The proper vaccine maintenance during the transportation stage known as the cold chain process. An excellent temperature-controlled supply chain involves all equipment and procedures used in the transportation, storage, and handling of COVID-19 vaccines. By maintaining temperatures recommended by the vaccine manufacture, implementing best storage and handling practices, providers can ensure that patients will get the full benefit of the COVID-19 vaccines they receive. In this project, the Arduino-based controller automatically monitors and preserves the vaccine box's temperature as per the prescribed WHO (World Health Organization) standard and alarming the system if deflection in the standard range happens. The tracking system in this project implement by using another Arduino-based GPSGSM module for the vaccine suppliers or hospitals to track the exact location of the designed Vaccine box. In addition, a portable case solar battery charge design to ensure an uninterrupted power supply during transportation.

Innovative technology of directional blasting using shaped charges

Enhancement of mining performance is inseparable from blasting improvement. The quality of rock fragmentation by blasting for further processing and manufacture of final products governs the rate and efficiency of adva nce in the mining sector. The analysis of promising approaches to improvement of quality of rock fragmentation by blasting shows that the main way is to use modern physical fields to intensify detonati on processes, for instance, to utilize cumulative effect of blasting. The authors have designed a shaped charge with cumulative effect, which allows making the bench bottom lower and enables the blasting expenses to be reduced. With this charge design, an explosive charge is located immediately above the bench bottom, which increases the detonation wave impact on the bottom. The shaped charge generates a jet that creates a shock wave directed downward and sideways from the borehole. The stress waves directed upward from the shaped charge ensure additional fragmentation of overlying rocks. Direction of some explosive charge energy to the bottom of the borehole extends the time of the blast energy effect on enclosing rock mass and creates two stress waves. The proposed technology allows also decoupling of explosive charges with an inert gap. The lower charge element is made of an explosive conformable with the strength characteristics of rocks in the bench bottom, and the upper part of the charge is to conform with the blastability category of the bench rocks. Making a charge cavity at the bottom of the borehole allows having influence on the intensity of rock fragmentation by blasting. Efficient parameters of the charge cavity in the shaped charge design are determined.

UPGRADES OF PROJECTING CHARGE FOR APFSDS-T-TP AMMUNITION FIRED WITH 120 MM GUN OF LEOPARD 2 TANK

APFSDS-T-TP ammunition of home production for 120 mm gun of LEOPARD 2 tank, being on the inventory of the Polish Armed Forces, has not passed the requirements of NO-13-A513 Defence Standard at certification tests against the random vibrations occurring at its tactical transportation inside the tank. Performed tests have indicated that the fulfilment of Standard requirements can be achieved by upgrading the igniting system what also makes the projecting charge design of APFSDS-T-TP ammunition change. The paper describes the research-development work on the upgrading of the igniting system for the cartridges used in 120 mm gun of LEOPARD 2 tank. The designs of the existing and upgraded igniting systems are presented both with the designing changes of projecting charges and ammunition ballistic and performance test results.

Improvement of Interior Ballistic Performance Utilizing Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper investigates the interior ballistic propelling charge design using the optimization methods to select the optimum charge design and to improve the interior ballistic performance. The propelling charge consists of a mixture propellant of seven-perforated granular propellant and one-hole tubular propellant. The genetic algorithms and some other evolutionary algorithms have complex evolution operators such as crossover, mutation, encoding, and decoding. These evolution operators have a bad performance represented in convergence speed and accuracy of the solution. Hence, the particle swarm optimization technique is developed. It is carried out in conjunction with interior ballistic lumped-parameter model with the mixture propellant. This technique is applied to both single-objective and multiobjective problems. In the single-objective problem, the optimization results are compared with genetic algorithm and the experimental results. The particle swarm optimization introduces a better performance of solution quality and convergence speed. In the multiobjective problem, the feasible region provides a set of available choices to the charge’s designer. Hence, a linear analysis method is adopted to give an appropriate set of the weight coefficients for the objective functions. The results of particle swarm optimization improved the interior ballistic performance and provided a modern direction for interior ballistic propelling charge design of guided projectile.