INTELLIGENT DISTRIBUTED DYNAMIC FOG COMPUTING FRAMEWORK

Одним из направлений развития сетей связи 5G и сетей связи 2030 является интегрирование в сеть распределенных вычислительных структур, таких как системы пограничных и туманных вычислений (Fog), которые призваны выполнить децентрализацию вычислительной части сетей. В связи с этим необходимо исследовать и определить принципы предоставления услуг на основе распределенной вычислительной инфраструктуры, в том числе в условиях ограниченности ресурсов отдельно взятых составных частей (Fog-устройства). Предлагается новый фреймворк распределенной динамической вычислительной системы туманных вычислений на основе микросервисного архитектурного подхода к реализации, развертыванию и миграции программного обеспечения предоставляемых услуг. Исследуется типовая архитектура микросервисного подхода и ее имплементация в туманные вычисления, а также рассматриваются два алгоритма: алгоритм K-средних для нахождения центра пользовательской нагрузки и алгоритм роевой оптимизации для определения устройства тумана с необходимыми характеристиками для последующей миграции микросервиса. One of the directions of 5G and 2030 communications networks development is the network-integrated distributed structures, such as edge computing (MEC) and Fog computing, which are designed to decentralize the computing part of networks. In this regard, it is necessary to investigate and determine the principles of providing services based on a distributed computing infrastructure, including in conditions of limited resources of individual components (Fog devices). This article proposes a new framework for a distributed dynamic computing system of fog computing based on a microservice architectural approach to the implementation, deployment, and software migration of the services. The article examines the typical architecture of the microservice approach and its implementation in fog computing, and also investigates two algorithms: K-means for finding the center of user load, swarm optimization (PSO) to determine the fog device with the necessary characteristics for the subsequent migration of the microservice.

OPTIMIZATION OF DISTRIBUTED STRUCTURES OF ATMOSPHERIC OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK

Рассмотрены проблемы оптимизации распределенной структуры атмосферной лазерной коммуникационной сети. Поставлена и решена задача оптимизации распределенной атмосферной оптической коммуникационной сети, содержащей один передающий и n приемных узлов. Определено выражение оптимальной связи между дивергенцией луча на входах приемных узлов и расстоянием между передатчиком и этими узлами, при реализации которой суммарное затухание в системе при условии неизменности других факторов, способствующих ослаблению сигнала, достигает минимума. The problems of optimization of the distributed structure of atmospheric laser communication network are considered. The problem of optimization of distributed atmospheric optical communication network containing one transmitting and n receiving nodes is formulated and solved. The formula determining the relation between beam divergence at the input of receiving points and the distance between these points and transmitter is obtained. Technical implementation of this formula brings to a minimum of total attenuation in the system, provided that other factors potentially causing signal attenuation are unchanged.

A bigger splat: The catastrophic geology of a 1.2-b.y.-old terrestrial megaclast, northwest Scotland

Rockfalls are relatively little described from the ancient geological record, likely due to their poor preservation potential. At Clachtoll, northwest Scotland, a megaclast (100 m × 60 m × 15 m) of Neoarchean Lewisian gneiss with an estimated mass of 243 kt is associated with basal breccias of the Mesoproterozoic Stoer Group. Foliation in the megablock is misoriented by ~90° about a subvertical axis relative to that in the underlying basement gneisses, and it is cut by fracture networks filled with Stoer Group red sandstone. Bedded clastic fissure fills on top of the megablock preserve way-up criteria consistent with passive deposition during burial. Sediment-filled fractures on the lateral flanks and base show characteristics consistent with forceful injection. Using numerical calculations, we propose that rift-related seismic shaking caused the megablock to fall no more than 15 m onto unconsolidated wet sediment. On impact, overpressure and liquefaction of the water-laden sands below the basement block were sufficient to cause hydrofracturing and upward sediment slurry injection. In addition, asymmetrically distributed structures record internal deformation of the megablock as it slowed and came to rest. The megablock is unrelated to the younger Stac Fada impact event, and represents one of the oldest known terrestrial rockfall features on Earth.

METHODOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM OF STABILIZATION OF THE ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM MOBILE STRUCTURES OF A GROUND-BASED ROBOTIC COMPLEX IN DISTURBED ENVIRONMENTS

In the article, the authors conduct research on the problem of stabilization of dynamic parameters of an adaptive information-control system of a ground-based robotic complex in disturbed environment. The research concept is based on the latest trends in the development of third-generation robotics objects; on the definition of the robotic complex, as an autonomous substrate means of reproducing physical functions and automating the intellectual activity of a person in the process of active interaction of the component structures of the robotic complex with the environment; on the technology of integrating the ground-based robotic complex into the system of the highest level of hierarchy, in particular, in the system of providing or performing special tasks in the interests of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The methodological preamble of the stated problems is being updated, the description of which occurs in relation to the model of substrate modification of the spatially distributed structure of the ground-based robotic complex. The purpose of the study is related to the application of methodological description to the problem of stabilization of the dynamic parameters of the adaptive control system of the mobile substrate structure of a ground-based robotics complex in a disturbed environment. Consequences of the presented description were announced, according to which stability is given priority as an integral-substrate property, which combines various types of stability of mobile spatially distributed structures of the ground robotic complex in time, and also characterizes their general structural and functional organization throughout operating time. The existence of the potential stability of the substrate structures of the ground-based robotic complex in cases of their resistance to the negative influence of external disturbances in time is confirmed. The absence of an inverse relationship was noted, that is, the component structures of the ground-based robotic complex that are resistant to external factors will not necessarily be stable. The target result was obtained in the context of the general scientific paradigm and can serve as an application for the concept of ensuring the effective functioning of mobile spatially distributed structures of the ground-based robotic complex in the integrated project "object-system".

TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF MINIMIZING THE INFLUENCE OF DESTABILIZING FACTORS ON THE WORK OF DISTRIBUTED STRUCTURES OF THE GROUND-ROCKOTECHNICAL COMPLEX IN AN INTEGRAL PROJECT «OBJECT-SYSTEM»

Mobile structures of the ground-based robotic complex (RTC) are investigated as an active component formation of an integrated project “object-system”, which is operated in a destabilizing environment. The relevant problem of minimizing the influence of external destabilizing factors on the operation of mobile spatially-distributed structures of the ground-based RTC is stated in the descriptions of the conceptual apparatus of complex, poorly formalized multicomponent technical systems. Following the logic of this approach, the basic principles of distributed control are determined and their applications are implemented in the mobile structures of the ground-based RTC with elements of subsidiarity. The quintessence of the latter is represented by the technology of multi-antenna MIMO systems, which made it possible to determine the trade-offs of using classical transmission methods and strategies for receiving and processing MIMO signals in the multi-sensory channels of the information-control system (ICS) and radio communication with the data transmission system and commands. Given the complexity of performing the stated tasks, a set of technological functions of reducing the influence of destabilizing factors and their practical variations in the algorithms for obtaining the target result are proposed. A situational model of reducing (minimizing) information losses at the output of the information-control system of the ground-based robotic complex under destabilization has been built. Options have been proposed to achieve the target result: integration of structural and parametric adaptation methods, MIMO technologies, code division multiplexing techniques with CDMA channels, taking into account the heterogeneity factor of information exchange channels and the artificial redundancy of the system itself with respect to the number of external interference sources.

SUBJECTIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE STUDENT WHEN USING OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that open educational resources carry the ability to overcome the basic methodological construct complicating the learning process among students and namely the use of international experience while learning and obtaining knowledge. This study shows the aspects of functioning open educational resources and their technological basis. The novelty of the work was the formation of a model for the use of open educational resources in training of specialized courses of the Department of applied chemistry. The authors showed that the effectiveness of open educational resources use depends directly on the share of online learning and technological isolation of subjects. In particular, not only learning processes in the implementation of the program in applied chemistry, but also other disciplines that require the exchange of experience between countries and the use of a wide range of technological equipment and online structure are considered. In particular, training on the example of databases, information networks, and other spatially distributed structures are considered too. The practical significance of the study is defined by the fact that the use of open educational resources will not only intensify the learning process at the university, but also to determine the possibility of integration into the world educational space.