How the Telegraph and the Telephone Formed a Worldwide Wired Electromagnetic Environment

The principle of electromagnetic induction was independently discovered by Michael Faraday (England) and Joseph Henry (USA) in 1831–32. The momentous discovery gave birth to numerous inventions that made civilization “modern,” beginning with the telegraph. First the telegraph and then the telephone required the installation of millions of miles of electric wire to cross continents and oceans in order to function as a global telecommunications system. These wires created a wholly new, anthropogenic electromagnetic environment, whose frequencies were orders of magnitude greater than those occurring naturally. Its effects on human beings, particularly inside cities, and the biosphere generally were unknown. Even now, more than a century later, the medical and environmental effects of this worldwide wired infrastructure are at best but partially understood. The telecommunications revolutions of the mid- and late 19th century were eagerly anticipated and implemented swiftly on an unprecedented scale, creating the technological basis for worldwide instantaneous communication. This paper describes the key discoveries that created the scientific and technical breakthroughs that allowed the first telecommunications revolutions to take place.

Telematics on urban passenger transport

The monograph discusses the application of telematics in dispatch control systems in urban passenger transport. The role of telematics as a technological basis in automating the solution of control tasks, accounting and analysis of the volume and quality of transport work in modern dispatch control systems on urban passenger transport is shown. Analytical models have been developed to estimate the capacity of a high-speed bus transportation system on a dedicated line. Mathematical models and algorithms for predicting passenger vehicle interior filling at critical stages of urban passenger transport routes are presented. The issues of application of the concept of the phase space of states introduced by the authors to assess the quality of the passenger transportation process on the route of urban passenger transport are described. The developed classification of service levels and their application in order to inform passengers at stopping points about the degree of filling of the passenger compartment of the arriving vehicle is described. The material is based on the results of theoretical research and practical work on the creation and implementation of automated control systems for urban passenger transport in Russian cities. The material of M.H. Duque Sarango's dissertation submitted for the degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences in the specialty 05.22.10 "Operation of motor transport" was used. It will be useful to specialists in the field of telematics on urban passenger transport.

Post-Soviet Russia as a Product of Half-Disintegration of the USSR: Facts and Interpretation

The article shows the interconnection in the development of social and economic institutes of the USSR and post-soviet Russia and that on the post-Soviet space and in the Russian Federation a system of the semi-peripheral oligarchic bureaucratic capitalism has occurred, of which an economic stagnation is typical. The author proposes a review of the statistical data of three post-soviet evolution stages (1992–1998, 1999–2007, from 2008 until now), the causes of the economic decline of the 1990s, with accentuating the degradation of the technological basis and growing social contradictions, negative economic, and demographic consequences. The causes of negative evolution of Russia’s economy and society are shown. The answer is given to the questions: (1) what social forces were behind the reforms in the USSR and what social forces took over the power after the USSR vanished and (2) why Russia became a dependent, semi-peripheral part of the global economic system.

DEVELOPMENT OF A CIRCUITRY AND CONSTRUCTIVE-TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS FOR COSMIC CHIPS

The article considers the development of adaptive communication and control systems for space and civil purposes to ensure the reliability of operation and increase the accuracy of control. To ensure the resistance of CMOS BIS to ionizing radiation, methods of implementing the isolation unit, the design and technology of working transistors that ensure high stability of their characteris-tics are used.

SIMULATION OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN MICROCIRCUITS IN SPACE ENVIRONMENT

The paper considers the circuit engineering and structural-technological basis of new devel-opments of special-purpose microcircuits, the prospects for its development are determined. The complexity of solving the problem is established, which consists in a complex combination and elimination of contradictions of various principles of creating equipment. It is assumed that the particle enters the circuit at a time equal to the beginning of switching. The frequency of the chip is 30 MHz, which corresponds to most of the frequencies that are used in spacecraft.

UV treatment of agricultural plants in territories subject to salination of soil

An assessment of the influence of electrotechnology of ultraviolet irradiation of seeds and pre-sowing soil treatment and the creation, on their technological basis, of management and control of salt and nutritional regimes of irrigated soils has been carried out. Relative yield of field crops versus the concentration of toxic salts in the soil solution at full moisture capacity are shown. By results of experimental researches acting of UV irradiation on the amount of ammonifying bacteria in the soil under cotton for increasing the accumulation of the most mobile nitrate forms of nitrogen are defined.

The Kaon’CPT Collective: Building a musical culture of not-in-real-life performance through conducted live comprovisation

In this article we describe a Networked Music Collective for online live performance events. Four characteristics of live performance (bodies, space and time, musical culture and social process) are identified as the conceptual and technological basis of our approach. Our recent distributed comprovisation, Perripplayear, is used to illustrate these concepts and to describe the technology stack we employed. The Kaon’CPT collective uses diverse instrumentation including acoustic and electronic instruments, voice and digital musical instruments (DMIs). Its members span 12 time zones and their comprovisation is conducted via a custom distributed score.

Organizational and methodological problems of training future teachers in a distance learning format

The article describes the problems (organizational, technical, methodological) faced by university teachers when switching to a distance learning format. On the example of the Mordovian State Pedagogical University named after M. E. Evsevjev, the solution of some problems associated with the organization of distance learning and the peculiarities of building the educational process in new conditions is demonstrated. The platforms that served as the technological basis for launching distance learning at MSPU, in particular LMS Moodle, are described. The examples of preparation of future bachelors of pedagogical education, studying informatics, for professional activity in conditions when training becomes mixed, that is, part of the classes can be conducted in person, and part — in a distance format are given. The methodology for conducting an elective course “Development technology and methodology for conducting elective courses in informatics” using distance technologies are described. The structure of the course is given, highlighting the modules and the content that should be learned during the course. Recommendations for conducting classes in this discipline are given. The conclusion is made about the positive and negative results of distance learning and its further prospects.

XVIII Russian-Chinese Expert Forum “Resource and Technological Basis of Sustainable Development”

The resource and technological basis for sustainable development became the key topic of the XVIII International Russian-Chinese Expert Forum held on June 15-16, 2021 as part of the Russia-China Cross Year of Innovation and Technology (2020-2021). The program of the event included reports by scientists from Russia, China, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, who raised the issues of achieving sustainable development goals, introducing technological innovations, improving cooperation between our countries within the framework of the international project "Dialogue partnership as a factor of stability and integration" ("Bridge between West and East "). Fruitful discussions and exchange of experience took place, and plans for further cooperation were outlined.