A Study on the Structure and Significance of the North Sanctuary at Western Prasat Top | ការសិក្សាអំពីរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ និងសារៈសំខាន់ននតួប៉មខាងជ􀈹ើងជៅប្រាសា ទតុបខាងលិច

Western Prasat Top is located in the south-west quadrant of Angkor Thom. The Central, South, and North Sanctuaries, and the uposathāgāra are divided by sīmā stones and, along with a laterite boundary, form the temple precinct. In order to study the history of Western Prasat Top, the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties (NABUNKEN), in collaboration with the Apsara National Authority (APSARA), began surveying in 2003. Our discoveries from the North Sanctuary have contributed new and important evidence to understanding the history of the late Angkor period. We will discuss this unearthed evidence from the perspectives of archaeology, archaeological science and iconography. ប្រាសាទតុបខាងលិចសិ្តជៅទិសនិរតីននប្រាសាទរាយនព័ អតីតប្ក្រុងអង្គរធំ។ បរជិ េណប្រាសាទតុបមានតួបម៉ ក្ណ្តា ល ខាងត្បូង និងខាងជ􀈹ើង ប្ពមទាងំ ជ􀈳ឿនឧជរាសថ (ប្ពរះេហាិ រ) ដែលមានសន្លឹក្សីមា៉ ថ្មភក្ជ់ ្្ រះមានប្រាបំ ីទិសជ􀉒ើយមានជាក្ប្មាលរបងប្ពំថ្មរាយជប្ក្ៀមពទព័ ្ធ􀈹ុំេញិ ដែលបជងើតក រានជាទប្មងប្់ រាសាទ។ ជែើម្សី ិក្សា􀈳្រះៗពីប្បេតិប្តា រាសាទតុបខាងលិច េទិ យាសា្ នប្សាេ ប្ជាេជាតិណ្រ៉សប្មាបស់ ម្តិេតា ប្ធម ៌ (NABUNKEN) រានស􀉒ការជាមយួ អាជាញា ធរជាតិអប្សរ ដែ លរានចាបជ់ ្ើមតា ជធើក្វ ិច្ចស􀉒ប្បតិបតិកាតា រប្សាេប្ជាេជៅឆ្នា ំ ២០០៣។ ការសិក្សាប្សាេប្ជាេជនរះរក្ជ􀈵ើ ញេតុ្មយួ ចំនួនជៅតួបម៉ ខាងជ􀈹ើងដែលជាភសុតាតាងែស៍ ំខាន ់ ក្ុងនា ការរមួ ចំដណក្រក្ជ􀈵ើញរបក្គំជ􀉒ើ ញថី្ម និង ជែើម្ដី សវងយល់អំពីប្បេតិសាតា សសតានាសមយព័ ចុងជប្កាយននអាណ្ចប្ក្អង្គរ។ ជយើងនលឹងពិ្ក្្ សាអំពីភសុតាតាងទាងំ អមបាលមានដែលរានរក្ជ􀈵ើញឲ្យរានសុី􀈹ជប្រៅ ជៅជលើទស្សនៈននបុរណេទិ យា,េ ទិ យាសាសសតាបុរណេទិ យា និងជទេក្ថា។

Identification of the Domain of the Sturm–Liouville Operator on a Star Graph

This article is devoted to the unique recovering of the domain of the Sturm–Liouville operator on a star graph. The domain of the Sturm–Liouville operator is uniquely identified from the set of spectra of a finite number of specially selected canonical problems. In the general case, the domain of the definition of the original operator can be specified by integro-differential linear forms. In the case when the domain of the Sturm–Liouville operator on a star graph corresponds to the boundary value problem, it is sufficient to choose only finite parts of the spectra of canonical problems for a unique identification of the boundary form. Moreover, the above statement is valid only for a symmetric star graph.

Effect of the Forest-Mine Boundary Form on Woody Colonization and Forest Expansion in Degraded Ecosystems

We evaluated the ecological significance of the boundary form between two patches with contrasting vegetation (mine grassland and adjacent forest) on woody colonization and forest expansion in open-cast coal mines in Northern Spain. Woody colonization and browsing traces were measured on three mine sites, along 24 transects that were laid out perpendicular to the forest-mine boundary and classified according to their shape (concave, convex, straight). Mine sites were colonized from the close forest by woody species, whose colonization intensity depends on the boundary form. The overall colonization intensity decreased with increasing distance to the forest and differed depending on the boundary form. The more intense colonization was found in concave boundaries and the strongest decrease in convex boundaries close to the forest, whereas straight boundaries showed an intermediate colonization pattern. Concave boundaries reached higher woody cover in the basal strata of the mines than convex (up to 2 m) or straight boundaries (up to 1 m) from 11 m to the forest edge, mainly by the presence of dense patches of Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link, with a scattered overstory of Genista florida L. These shrubs might reduce the browsing intensity and act as nurse plants facilitating the establishment of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. in mine areas at greater distances from the forest edge. The forest-mine boundary form does not affect the forest vertical structure that is homogenous and does not help explain the woody colonization pattern in the mines. We conclude that edge characteristics have a strong potential to be used in the restoration of native forests based on natural processes. The implications of our results for sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) forest expansion along edges in fragmented Mediterranean forest landscapes were discussed.

Electrostatic potential calculation by application of walk-on-spheres method

The paper is devoted to mixed boundary-value problem solving for Laplace equation with the use of walk-on-spheres algorithm. The problem under study is reduced to finding a solution of integral equation with the kernel nonzero only at some sphere in the domain considered. Ulam-Neumann scheme is applied for integral equation solving; the appropriate Markov chain is introduced. The required solution value at a certain point of the domain is approximated by the expected value of special statistics defined on Markov paths. The algorithm presented guarantees the average Markov trajectory length to be finite and allows one to take into account boundary conditions on required solution derivative and to avoid Markov paths ending in the neighborhood of the boundaries where solution values are not given. The method is applied for calculation of electric potential in the injector of linear accelerator. The purpose of the work is to verify the applicability and effectiveness of walk-on-spheres method for mixed boundary-value problem solving with complicated boundary form and thus to demonstrate the suitability of Monte Carlo methods for electromagnetic fields simulation in beam forming systems. The numerical experiments performed confirm the simplicity and convenience of this method application for the problem considered.

Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Pile-Soil-Water Coupling Effect in Consideration of Large Span Cable-Stayed Bridge

The effect of equivalent fluid and viscoelastic boundary form considering soil's effect on long span cable-stayed bridge dynamic characteristics are analyzed to consider the additional mass method. Through the analysis, some useful conclusions of considering the water after the dynamic characteristics of the structure change greatly, and with the increase of water depth, frequency gradually more and more small, decreased significantly are obtained. Considering the fluid, structure is not the same under static load internal force changes. The cable has little effect, but beam and tower impact significantly, such as the moment of the direction of Z increased by 272%, so, the action of the fluid must be considered.

Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Pile-Soil-Water Coupling Effect in Consideration of Large Span Cable-Stayed Bridge

The effect of equivalent fluid and viscoelastic boundary form considering soil's effect on long span cable-stayed bridge dynamic characteristics are analyzed to consider the additional mass method. Through the analysis, some useful conclusions of considering the water after the dynamic characteristics of the structure change greatly, and with the increase of water depth, frequency gradually more and more small, decreased significantly are obtained. Considering the fluid, structure is not the same under static load internal force changes. The cable has little effect, but beam and tower impact significantly, such as the moment of the direction of Z increased by 272%, so, the action of the fluid must be considered.