Associação entre composição domiciliar e consumo alimentar em adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática

Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a associação entre composição domiciliar e consumo alimentar em adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão sistemática da literatura. A busca dos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE via PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Embase e Scopus. Os artigos foram avaliados por meio do Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank sobre risco de viés e acurácia de estudos observacionais. Foram avaliados estudos observacionais com adolescentes (10-19 anos de idade). Resultados: Dos 2.324 artigos encontrados, 11 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, 9 de delineamento transversal e 2 longitudinais. Quanto à avaliação do consumo alimentar, foram avaliadas as frequências de: jantar em família, consumo de café da manhã, consumo de refeições, omissão do café da manhã, consumo de grupos alimentares, número de refeições realizadas durante o dia, assim como densidade energética de grupos alimentares e o Índice de Alimentação Saudável. Observou-se que adolescentes que moravam com ambos os pais apresentaram maior frequência de consumo do café da manhã e maior consumo de vegetais. Preferências alimentares mais positivas e saudáveis foram mais frequentes entre adolescentes que residiam em famílias nucleares. Por outro lado, consumo irregular de café da manhã e consumo de marcadores de alimentação não saudável foram mais frequentes entre adolescentes residentes em domicílios monoparentais, com família reconstituída e famílias extensas. Conclusão: Adolescentes que moravam com ambos os pais apresentaram melhor consumo alimentar. Ressalta-se a necessidade de considerar a composição domiciliar ao planejar programas de promoção da alimentação saudável entre adolescentes.

Site Conditions, Maintenance Costs, and Plant Performance of 10 Extensive Green Roofs in the Research Triangle Area of Central North Carolina

Compared with traditional roofing, green roofs (GRs) have quantifiable environmental and economic benefits, yet limited research exists on GR plant survival, maintenance practices, and costs related to plant performance. The objective of this study was to assess plant cover, site conditions, and maintenance practices on 10 extensive GRs in the Research Triangle Area of North Carolina. Green roof maintenance professionals were surveyed to assess plant performance, maintenance practices, and maintenance costs. Vegetation cover on each site was characterized. Relationships among plant performance and environmental and physical site characteristics, and maintenance practices were evaluated. Survey respondents ranked weed control as the most problematic maintenance task, followed by irrigation, pruning, and debris removal. No single design or maintenance factor was highly correlated with increased plant cover. Green roof age, substrate organic matter, and modular planting methods were not correlated with greater plant cover. Results showed a trend that irrigation increased plant cover. Plants persisting on GRs included several species of stonecrop (Sedum sp.), but flame flower (Talium calycinum) and ice plant (Delosperma basuticum) were also present in high populations on at least one roof each. Green roof maintenance costs ranged from $0.13/ft2 to $3.45/ft2 per year, and were greater on sites with more weeds and frequent hand watering.

Using Fällman’s Interaction Design Research Triangle as a Methodological Tool for Research About Reading Spaces in Schools

This chapter describes the innovative use of a pre-existing framework from the field of Human–Computer Interaction to explore and reimagine reading spaces for beginner readers in primary schools in England. The chapter details the four phases of the research study, from a conceptual level to a physical outcome (a reading nook), the latter providing secondary findings about the value of secluded reading spaces for students in two English classrooms. In adapting and developing a design methodology within an educational context, it is hoped that this research will stimulate communication and dialogue between architects, educators, policy-makers and students. It also offers a contribution to the challenge of improving school design for pupils and practitioners by offering a framework through which education, specifically reading, can be viewed through the prism of design.

John W. (Jan) Drake: A Biochemical View of a Geneticist Par Excellence

John W. Drake died 02-02-2020, a mathematical palindrome, which he would have enjoyed, given his love of “word play and logic,” as stated in his obituary and echoed by his family, friends, students, and colleagues. Many aspects of Jan’s career have been reviewed previously, including his early years as a Caltech graduate student, and when he was editor-in-chief, with the devoted assistance of his wife Pam, of this journal for 15 impactful years. During his editorship, he raised the profile of GENETICS as the flagship journal of the Genetics Society of America and inspired and contributed to the creation of the Perspectives column, coedited by Jim Crow and William Dove. At the same time, Jan was building from scratch the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics on the newly established Research Triangle Park campus of the National Institute of Environmental Health Science, which he headed for 30 years. This commentary offers a unique perspective on Jan’s legacy; we showcase Jan’s 1969 benchmark discovery of antimutagenic T4 DNA polymerases and the research by three generations (and counting) of scientists whose research stems from that groundbreaking discovery. This is followed by a brief discussion of Jan’s passion: his overriding interest in analyzing mutation rates across species. Several anecdotal stories are included to bring alive one of Jan’s favorite phrases, “to think like a geneticist.” We feature Jan’s genetical approach to mutation studies, along with the biochemistry of DNA polymerase function, our area of expertise. But in the end, we acknowledge, as Jan did, that genetics, also known as in vivo biochemistry, prevails.

Bridging the Knowledge and Business Ecosystems: Resources and Mechanisms for Regional Entrepreneurial Development

This article explores a phenomenon of a regional startup ecosystem—its key elements, resources and mechanisms needed for the ecosystem development and growth. Despite famous success stories of such regional ecosystems as Silicon Valley, the literature suggests multiple problems to emerge on the ecosystem development pathway. One of the common issues is a relative disconnect between the knowledge subsystem represented by research centers or universities and a business subsystem represented by mainly large firms. The current understanding of the underlying mechanisms helping to bridge the gap between knowledge and business ecosystems in entrepreneurial regions remain limited. Studying the case of one of the oldest science and technology parks in the world, Research Triangle Park in North Carolina, usa, we explore the development of a regional ecosystem—its elements, challenges and mechanisms to address those. Our findings reveal the key elements, with entrepreneurial networks being one of the most crucial, and explain the difficulties in the elements’ interaction.

Institutional Evolution and the Collaborative Development of Technology Transfer Capabilities

This article examines the development of university technology transfer operations at the Research Triangle region’s three universities. Organized to commercialize university-based scientific inventions, this expertise was essential to university engagement in the region’s long-term development. Early collaborative efforts to jump-start technology transfer in the region were promoted via a joint licensing consortium. Those early efforts—and their eventual devolution to the universities—are critical to understanding the region’s subsequent development. We document a process of competing institutional logics and institutional interpretation, with officials from each campus continually interpreting the collaborative’s value against their own institution’s evolving needs.

Avaliando o Ambiente de Inovação da Região do Triângulo da Pesquisa

O artigo estuda a Região do Triângulo da Pesquisa (RTR), uma área de desenvolvimento econômico no estado da Carolina do Norte, EUA. O RTR compreende dois parques tecnológicos principais: o Research Triangle Park e o Centennial Campus da Universidade Estadual da Carolina do Norte. Foi aplicado o Modelo Amaral para Gestão de Ambientes de Inovação (AMIEM) aos parques da RTR e foram discutidos aspectos do desenvolvimento regional sob o prisma da gestão da inovação, além da adequação do modelo como uma ferramenta para avaliar ambientes complexos. O método de pesquisa é descritivo e exploratório. A pesquisa de campo, realizada durante os anos de 2016 e 2017, envolveu revisão de literatura, coleta de documentos e entrevistas semiestruturadas. O AMIEM é um modelo quali-quanti com onze fatores para medir o nível de maturidade das relações do tipo Triple Helix entre atores da academia (produtores de conhecimento), do setor produtivo de bens e serviços (produtores e usuários de conhecimento) e do governo (regulador social e econômico). Os parques da RTR possuem um alto nível de maturidade. Várias iniciativas bem-sucedidas e sobrepostas foram encontradas nos últimos sessenta anos, explicando o desenvolvimento regional.

Retrograde autologous priming to reduce allogeneic blood transfusion requirements: a systematic review

Background: Efforts have been made to minimize transfusion of packed red blood cells in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. One method concerns retrograde autologous priming. Although the technique has been used for decades, results remain contradictory in terms of transfusion requirements. Objective: This systematic literature review aimed to summarize the evidence for the efficacy of retrograde autologous priming in terms of decreasing perioperative packed red blood cell requirements in adults. Methods: Two researchers independently searched PubMed for articles published in the past 10 years. The modified Cochrane collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and the Research Triangle Institute Item Bank were used to assess bias. Results: Eight studies were included, of which two randomized and six observational studies. Five studies, including one randomized study, report a significant decrease in packed red blood cell use in the retrograde autologous priming group compared to no retrograde autologous priming used. All studies are flawed by at least a high risk bias of bias score on one item of the bias assessment. Conclusion: Although most studies reported significantly fewer packed red blood cell transfusions in the retrograde autologous priming group, it is important to note that relatively few articles are available which are flawed by several types of bias. Prospective, randomized multi-center trials are warranted to conclude decisively on the benefits of retrograde autologous priming.