On development of multi-resolution detector for tomato disease diagnosis

Plant disease is one of the major threats to food security. Accurate diagnosis of plant diseases can benefit the agricultural production. For the purpose of real-time plant disease diagnostics, the deep learning models are employed. In this study, we present an accurate identification method for common diseases of tomatoes based on deep-learning methods. The devising of multi-resolution detector, in line with bounding box generating and assigning, facilitates the feature extracting process of detection. The employment of an dropout and ADAMW (Adaptive moment estimation with decoupled weight decay) optimizer further resolve the overfitting problem. Using the collected images of healthy and diseased tomatoes, our detector is trained to identify 10 different diseases. Experimental results showed that the disease identification method proposed in this study could accurately and rapidly identify common diseases of tomato with an average accuracy of 85.03%and a recognition speed of 61 frames per second, which was superior to other models under the same conditions and was beneficial for tomato disease control work.

Tomato Leaf Diseases Classification Based on Leaf Images: A Comparison between Classical Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods

Tomato production can be greatly reduced due to various diseases, such as bacterial spot, early blight, and leaf mold. Rapid recognition and timely treatment of diseases can minimize tomato production loss. Nowadays, a large number of researchers (including different institutes, laboratories, and universities) have developed and examined various traditional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms for plant disease classification. However, through pass survey analysis, we found that there are no studies comparing the classification performance of ML and DL for the tomato disease classification problem. The performance and outcomes of different traditional ML and DL (a subset of ML) methods may vary depending on the datasets used and the tasks to be solved. This study generally aimed to identify the most suitable ML/DL models for the PlantVillage tomato dataset and the tomato disease classification problem. For machine learning algorithm implementation, we used different methods to extract disease features manually. In our study, we extracted a total of 52 texture features using local binary pattern (LBP) and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) methods and 105 color features using color moment and color histogram methods. Among all the feature extraction methods, the COLOR+GLCM method obtained the best result. By comparing the different methods, we found that the metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score) of the tested deep learning networks (AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet34, EfficientNet-b0, and MobileNetV2) were all better than those of the measured machine learning algorithms (support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and random forest (RF)). Furthermore, we found that, for our dataset and classification task, among the tested ML/DL algorithms, the ResNet34 network obtained the best results, with accuracy of 99.7%, precision of 99.6%, recall of 99.7%, and F1 score of 99.7%.