Situasi Malaria di Kabupaten Lebak

Pada periode 2002-2006, di Kabupaten Lebak, API tergolong Middle Case Incidence (MCI), dengan nilai rata-rata (2.87%) dan berada pada kisaran 2.04-4.51%. Dari 35 wilayah kerja puskesmas terdapat enam wilayah endemis yang meliputi puskesmas Malimping, Binuangeun, Bayah, Cihara, Panggarangan dan Cilograng. Ada wilayah kerja puskesmas yang dilaporkan dengan klasifikasi MCI. Penderita positif malaria cenderung meningkat secara fluktuatif dengan puncak yang tidak jelas, kasus positif malaria tertingi ditemukan pada bulan Februari, Maret, Mei, Juli dan Desember. Tingkat infeksi malaria yang tinggi pa- da kelompok populasi ditentukan berdasarkan proporsi sediaan darah positif malaria dari sediaan darah yang diperiksa dengan angka SPR 006 rata-rata 12.64%, dengan kisaran 8.68%-15.87%. Proporsi Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER) digunakan untuk menentukan cakupan penduduk dilakukan pengambilan dan pemeriksaan sediaan darah. Pada tahun 2004-2006, ABER di Kabupaten Lebak rata-rata (26.03%) tersebar pada kisaran 14.35%-43.49%. Pada tahun 2006, kasus malaria (159 kasus) terdiri dari species P. Palcifarum (34) dan P.Vivax (124). Proporsi P.vivax yang tinggi mengindikasikan trans- misi lokal malaria di kabupaten lebak yang rendah dan atau strategi pengobatan yang masih efektif terutama untuk P. palcifarum. Pengobatan malaria masih merupakan pilihan strategi yang tepat pengendalian malaria di Kabupaten lebak. Penemuan kasus secara dini dan pengobatan secara cepat dapat dilakukan dengan peran serta masyarakat dengan metode yang telah dikembangkan dan akan diimplementasikan di Kabupaten Lebak.Kata kunci : Malaria, situasi malaria, endemis, pengendalian malariaAbstractDuring 2002-2006 , API in Distric of Lebak 2004-2006 was categorized in Middle Case Incidence ( MCI) which mean (2.87%) in interval of 2.04-4.51%. From 35 work regions of Public Health Center (puskesmas) in Distrik of Lebak, there are 6 regions of endemic reagent which include Malimping, Binuangeun, Bayah, Cihara, Panggarangan and of Cilograng. The endemic malaria of work regions of Puskesmas in 2002-2006, have reported the existence classified of MCI region. Positive malaria patients in 2001-2006 was fluctuative trend to increase with the higest in Februari, Maret,May, July and December. Level of malaria infection is indicated by the proportion of positive slide bloods malaria with number of SPR in Distric of Lebak in 2004-2006 (12.64%) with interval of 8.68%-15.87%. Percentage of ABER to determine the level of taken resident coverage and checked [by] his blood slide, where number of Annual Blood Examination Rate ( ABER) in Lebak District in the year 2004-2006 mean equal to 26.03% spread over from 14.35%-43.49%. From malaria case in the year 2006 equal to 159 malaria case consist of 34 species P. Palcifarum and 124 P.Vivax. Height Proportion of P.Vivax give indication that transmission of local malaria in Lebak District was low and or medication strategy still effective especially for the P. palcifarum of. effective medication for malaria still is correct strategy choice for the operation of malaria in Lebak District. Quick identification and medication can be done through community-based approach that has been developed and implemented in Lebak District.Key words : Malaria, malaria situation, endemis, operation of malaria

Amplitude reduction of waviness in elastohydrodynamic lubrication using an Eyring fluid model

This paper presents a first extension of the amplitude reduction approach, where the deformation of harmonic components of the roughness is considered, to non-Newtonian elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) line contact. The amplitude reduction of one-sided waviness is computed as a function of the slide-roll ratio. Non-Newtonian effects result in an increase in the deformation for positive slide-roll ratios. This contrasts with published results using a Newtonian fluid where the deformation decreased for such conditions. Moreover, the amplitude reduction varies significantly throughout the contact, requiring an additional parameter for the characterization of the amplitude reduction. An explanation of these differences based on the velocity profile of the lubricant inside the contact concludes the paper.

SLIDE CULTURE OF TUBERCLE BACILLI: III. ROUTINE DIAGNOSTIC TRIALS

The adaptation of a modified slide culture technique to the routine diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is described in detail. Results of culture of 2248 specimens of sputum by this method and by conventional techniques are compared. The results demonstrate the superiority of the slide culture technique; 92.6% of positive-smear specimens yielded positive cultures, as against 70% by routine methods. Results were almost identical with both methods in the smear-negative group and an explanation of this apparent discrepancy is advanced. 100% of the (positive) slide cultures were positive by the end of 14 days, whereas controls reached 96.5% only at the end of eight weeks.

A RAPID SLIDE TEST FOR HETEROPHILE ANTIBODY IN INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS

The sera of 473 individuals were examined for sheep cell agglutinins both by the slide test and the Paul-Bunnell method. In this group there were 46 patients with positive slide tests and 35 of these individuals also had a diagnostic serum dilution test for heterophile antibody. In 11 cases the slide test was positive but the Paul-Bunnell test gave very low serum dilution values. However, when the slide test was carried out at 37 C, it was negative in 9 of the 11 cases. In the remaining 2 instances, one patient had a Forssman type of antibody which gave a 1:64 titer in saline and the slide test was positive at 37 C. In the other case no studies were made on the effect of temperature and the nature of the agglutination reaction was unfortunately not determined. Using human and bovine albumen, sheep serum and human AB serum absorbed with sheep cells as a diluent no evidence for blocking or hyperimmune antibody was discovered in the cases of infectious mononucleosis studied in this series. Moreover, of the 6 patients with negative serology but with strong clinical and hematological evidence for the disease, no blocking or hyperimmune antibody was disclosed by the slide test or by the use of absorbed human AB serum. The conclusion seems justified that blocking, incomplete or hyperimmune heterophile antibody must be rather uncommon in infectious mononucleosis. In the use of the rapid slide test it has been pointed out that cold agglutinins, (which may be abolished by warming to 37 C) and Forssman antibodies (which may be absorbed by guinea pig kidney) can give positive results. However, diseases in which cold agglutinins are strong enough to give a positive slide test are relatively rare and the occurrence of Forssman antibodies of a strength likely to give a positive slide test would be decidedly uncommon. In any event unless further experience reveals more serious discrepancies, the rapid slide test as described in this paper seems to offer a practical screening test to detect clinically significant amounts of heterophile antibody in cases of infectious mononucleosis.