Application of Artificial Neural Network Method as A Detection of Blood Fat Disorders in Images of Complete Blood Examination

Based on various epidemiological studies, it is stated that blood lipids are the main risk factor for atherosclerosis that leads to coronary heart disease. In patients with blood lipid disorders, red blood cells undergo deformability so that their shape is flatter than normal red blood cells, which are round. The research entitled Application of Artificial Neural Network Method as Detection of Blood Fat Abnormalities in Image of Complete Blood Examination Results was conducted to help facilitate laboratory examinations. This research hopes that it will provide appropriate early detection to support the expert diagnosis. This research consists of two stages. The first stage is digital image processing to obtain area, perimeter, and eccentricity features. These three features will be used as input to the Backpropagation Neural Network program as the second stage. At this stage, blood lipid abnormalities are detected from features that have been obtained from image processing. The accuracy of detecting blood lipid abnormalities with ANN Backpropagation is 85%.

Identification of ectoparasites and endoparasites on fruit bats (Cynopterus brachyotis) in Ketapang Timur Village, Ketapang Sub-District, Sampang District

This study aims to determine the ectoparasites and endoparasites that infest fruit bats (Cynopterus brachyotis) in Ketapang Timur, Ketapang District, Sampang Regency. The samples in this study were blood, feces and ectoparasites from 50 fruit bats taken in Ketapang District, Sampang Regency. Blood samples were examined using a blood smear method with Giemsa staining, while stool samples were examined using three methods, namely native, sucrose floating, and acid-fast modification. Blood examination was checked using a microscope with 1000x magnification and stool examination at 400x magnification. The sample is considered positive if under microscope observation found parasites that match the characteristics of the protozoa sourced from scientific references. The results of the study of 50 fruit bats examined found five positives for digestive protozoa and ectoparasites, the infection was single, with details of one tail being infected with Eimeria sp. and one tail was infected by Leptocyclopodia ferrarii, while blood protozoa were not found. This study concludes that the type of protozoa found in the digestive tract is Eimeria sp. (14%) and ectoparasite Leptocyclopodia ferrarii. (2%). The total percentage obtained was 16% positive for a single infection of protozoa and ectoparasites from 50 fruit bats. Suggestions that can be put forward are to conduct further research using PCR and sequencing to obtain more specific and accurate identification results, for subspecies or strains.

Rhabdomyolysis Following Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 Vaccination

We report the case of a 19-year-old male who complained of myalgia, muscle weakness, and darkened urine two days after receiving his Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States) COVID-19 vaccination. Blood examination revealed an increased creatine kinase (CK) level, and his urinary dipstick tested positive for blood, indicative of acute rhabdomyolysis. Serum creatinine levels were normal. Rhabdomyolysis due to strenuous physical activity was ruled out and further diagnostics excluded an autoimmune cause. Under repeated treatment with intravenous fluid resuscitation (outpatient treatment), his symptoms resolved and peak CK levels of 44,180 U/L returned to almost normal levels within two weeks. Rhabdomyolysis is a rare, potentially fatal vaccine-induced reaction. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying pathomechanism and to investigate whether subcutaneous injection of vaccines may be able to prevent rhabdomyolysis.

Peripheral Blood Examination Findings in SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pediatric Patients

Background The findings of peripheral blood examination (PBE) in SARS-CoV2 infection in pediatrics patients have not been fully described, the reports have been done on the adult population so far. In this study we showed the characteristics in the PBE in SARS-CoV2 infection in the pediatric population. Methods Descriptive, observational, longitudinal, prospective study. Information from the medical records of pediatric patients < 17 years of age with a diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 (positive PCR test) was analyzed and peripheral blood smear examination was performed. Results 16 pediatric patients with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 /COVID-19 were evaluated. 100% of the patients had PBE done, 62.50% (10/16) had no morphological alteration of the erythroid cell line, the erythroid changes were: anisocytosis and echinocytosis in 12.5% (2/16), in white cell line a predominance of plasmacyte lymphocytes was found in 37.5% (6/16), followed by hyposegmented neutrophils “Pelger-Huet anomaly” 31.25% (5/16), hypersegmented neutrophils 12.5% (2/16) , atypical lymphocytes 18.75% (3/16), granular lymphocytes in 6.25% (1/16), prolymphocytes in 6.25% (1/16), hyposegmented eosinophils in 12.5% (2/16). Conclusion Plasmacytoid lymphocytes and large granular lymphocyte are seen more frequently in pediatric patients with COVID-19. Abnormalities in the neutrophils with acquired Pelger-Huët anomaly (APHA) were important findings in pediatric patients with COVID-19.

THE DANGER OF SPREADING THE NEMATODE DIROFILARIA IN YAKUTIA

The disease is detected in Central Yakutia and deserves the closest attention from practicing veterinarians. In village dogs infected with and suffered from dirofilariasis, the main pathomorphological changes were localized in the heart and were represented by atrophic, dystrophic and necrobiotic processes. In addition, the products of the nematode metabolism led to the appearance of circulatory disorders. First of all, the researchers paid attention to the study of blood smears, which showed the microfilariae in the smears. The authors also examined guard dogs that died from this disease, and an incomplete examination of organs and tissues when dissecting the heart, lungs and parenchymatous organs, showed sexually mature Dirofilaria in the heart of the dissected animals. Subsequently, methods for diagnosing dirofilariasis were applied using the method of peripheral blood examination, where live microfilariae larvae were found in sick dogs. As the authors of the article note, cardiac dirofilariasis subsequently had a destructive effect on red blood cells, erythrocytes, and was observed in the development of hemoglobinemia, and hemoglobinuria, and in some cases leads to liver and kidney failure. In the respiratory system, there were also typical clinical signs of chronic dry cough, difficult breathing and shortness of breath, and foci of pulmonary rales detected. During the disease, pulmonary thromboembolism was developed in the animals, which characterized by the occurrence of fever and the release of sputum with blood. In the treatment of canine dirofilariasis, the authors observed a fatal outcome in two cases, and made dissections to study the organs and tissues affected by nematodes.

Albumin platelet product as a novel score for liver fibrosis stage and prognosis

Fibrosis-4 index, a conventional biomarker for liver fibrosis stage, is confounded by age and hepatitis activity grade. The current retrospective multicenter study aimed to formulate the novel indices of liver fibrosis by mathematically combining items of peripheral blood examination and to evaluate ability of prognosis prediction. After a novel index was established in a training cohort, the index was tested in a validation cohort. Briefly, a total of 426 patients were enrolled in a training cohort. Albumin and platelet most strongly correlated to fibrosis stage among blood examination. Albumin platelet product (APP) = Albumin × platelet/1000 could differentiate the four stages of liver fibrosis (p < 0.05). APP indicated fibrosis stage independent from hepatitis activity grade. A cut-off value = 4.349 diagnosed cirrhosis with area under ROC more than 0.8. Multivariate analysis revealed that smaller APP independently contributed to HCC prevalence and overall mortality. The results were validated in another 707 patients with HCV infection. In conclusion, APP was not confounded by age or hepatitis activity grade contrary to Fibrosis-4 index. APP is as simple as physicians can calculate it by pen calculation. The product serves physicians in managing patients with chronic liver disease.

A RARE CASE PRESENTATION OF PRIMARY PLASMA CELL LEUKEMIA WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE, A CASE REPORT

Introduction: Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia (pPCL) is Plasma cell dyscrasia subtype which is rare and aggressive. It carries very poor prognosis. It has unique clinical and laboratory prole. Its rst clinical presentation is leukemia. Peripheral blood examination shows circulating mature looking yet clonal, plasma cells. On molecular and cytogenetic examinations, many aberrations are seen which are unique and make it a distinct entity different from traditional Multiple Myeloma (MM). Case presentation: 37 yr old Indian female presented with difculty in breathing for last 3 months and was initially evaluated for cardiac function & COVID-19 screening. Peripheral blood examination revealed circulating plasma cells. Bone marrow apirate conrmed the initial diagnosis of pPCL. She received BIODRONATE + Inj. BORTEZOMIB + Inj. CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE + Tab Dexa and was advised for PETscan and skeletal survey. But due to nancial constraints, family decided to go for complete systemic workup in next phase of chemotherapy cycle. She was discharged with advise to be in close follow up and to complete her treatment cycles. Discussion: pPCL needs to be diagnosed promptly to formulate optimal intensive therapy. This atypical presentation with shortness of breath of rare entity of pPCLin such young age emphasizes the need for quick and thorough initial workup. Conclusion: Because of rarity of this disease, there is paucity of literature from India and especially the impact of the standard therapies in resource poor countries. Our case report highlights these challenges for conclusive management of this rare entity

A rare case of adult herpes simplex encephalitis complicated with rhabdomyolysis

Background Compelling evidence indicates that status epilepticus is a prevalent cause of rhabdomyolysis. However, cases of rhabdomyolysis induced by a single seizure accompanied by viral encephalitis are rarely reported. Herein, we present a case of adult Herpes Simplex Encephalitis complicated with rhabdomyolysis. Case presentation A 32-year-old male was patient presented with fever accompanied by episodes of convulsions, myalgia, and oliguria, which exacerbated the delirium. Routine blood examination showed impaired kidney function and elevated myoglobin (Mb) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels. MRI scanning revealed a damaged frontotemporal lobe and limbic system. In addition, herpes simplex virus (HSV) pathogen was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid thus indicating HSV infection. Therefore, a diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis triggered by HSV infection accompanied by epilepsy was made. Notably, the patient recovered well after early intervention and treatment. Conclusion The case presented here calls for careful analysis of rhabdomyolysis cases with unknown causes, minor seizures, and without status epilepticus. This case also indicates that HSV virus infection might contribute to the rhabdomyolysis.

SOME PARASITES OF FERAL WESTERN KOB (Kobus Kob kob) OF LAKE KAINJI NATIONAL PARK, NIGERIA

The parasites of kob based on physical, faecal and blood examination has revealed that kob harbor ticks which include Rhipicephalus evertsi, Rhipicephalus nymph, Amblyomma variegatum; lice, Damalinia sp; and fed upon by by biting fly Culicoides. sp. Helminth ova found were Strongyl sp. and Fasciola. sp.; protozoan. Babesia sp. in blood and Eimeria sp. in faeces. The significance of tick as vector of parasites of domestic animals and the potential risk of kob as reservoir of the parasites these vectors transmit are discussed. The prevalence of Strongyl sp. and Fasciola sp. ova as reflection of worm burden and potential pasture contamination are highlighted