FRAKSINASI KERING MINYAK KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN KRISTALISATOR SKALA 120 KG UNTUK MENGHASILKAN FRAKSI MINYAK KAYA TRIASILGLISER0L RANTAI MENENGAH

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Minyak kelapa merupakan sumber medium chain triglycerides<br />(MCT) utama. Melalui proses fraksinasi dapat dihasilkan fraksi minyak<br />dengan kandungan MCT tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari<br />pengaruh berbagai faktor perlakuan dingin terhadap kristalisasi dan<br />fraksinasi minyak kelapa, serta untuk menetapkan prosedur pendinginan<br />yang efektif dalam menghasilkan fraksi minyak dengan kandungan MCT<br />tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium SEAFAST CENTER IPB<br />dari bulan Maret 2012 sampai bulan Februari 2013. Fraksinasi dilakukan<br />dengan memanaskan minyak pada suhu 70°C lalu didinginkan pada<br />berbagai laju pendinginan untuk mencapai beberapa variasi suhu<br />kristalisasi, diaduk dengan kecepatan 15 rpm, dibiarkan mengkristal pada<br />lama waktu yang berbeda (hingga 900 menit), serta difraksinasi dengan<br />penyaringan vakum menggunakan kertas Whatman 40. Tiga tahap<br />pendinginan yang merupakan faktor kunci keberhasilan proses kristalisasi<br />minyak kelapa yaitu tahap pendinginan awal dari suhu 70 hingga 29°C;<br />tahap pendinginan kritis 29°C hingga suhu kristalisasi; dan tahap<br />kristalisasi itu sendiri. Pada tahap pertama minyak kelapa didinginkan<br />secepat mungkin untuk menurunkan waktu proses, tetapi pada tahap kedua<br />harus dilaksanakan dengan laju pendinginan lambat (kurang dari 0,176°C/<br />menit) untuk menghasilkan kristal yang berukuran besar dan tidak mudah<br />meleleh. Minyak dengan kandungan triasilgliserol tinggi dapat diperoleh<br />dari fraksi olein minyak kelapa. Pada perlakuan suhu kristalisasi 21,30-<br />21,73°C untuk laju pendinginan kritis antara 0,013 hingga 0,176°C/menit,<br />semakin rendah laju pendinginan kritis dan semakin lama proses<br />kristalisasi maka kandungan MCT fraksi olein yang dihasilkan akan<br />semakin tinggi.<br />Kata kunci: minyak kelapa, laju pendinginan, kristalisasi, fraksinasi, MCT</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Coconut oil is the main source of medium chain triglycerides<br />(MCT). Fractionation produce oil fraction containing MCT concentrate.<br />This research aims to study the influence of various factors of cooling<br />treatment on the crystallization and fractionation of coconut oil, and to<br />establish effective cooling procedure to produce oil fraction with high<br />MCT content. The research was conducted in Laboratorium of SEAFAST<br />CENTER IPB from March 2012 to February 2013. Coconut oil was<br />heated at 70°C then cooled at different cooling rate to reach various<br />crystalization temperatures. The oil was then stirred at 15 rpm and allow to<br />crystallized at different period of time (up to 900 min), and finally<br />fractionated by vacuum filtration using Whatman #40 paper. Fractionation<br />temperatures was the same as crystalization temperature. The results<br />showed that there were three distinct cooling regimes critical to<br />crystallization process, i.e temperature range from 70 to 29°C; 29°C to<br />crystallization temperature; and crystallization temperature. In the first<br />regime, melted coconut oil might be cooled quickly to save time, but in the<br />second regime need be done with a cooling rate of less than 0.176°C/min<br />to produce physically stable crystal. Oil with high triacylglycerol content<br />could be obtained from olein fraction of coconut oil. At the crystallization<br />temperature 21.30-21.73°C for the critical cooling rate between 0.013 to<br />0.176°C/min, the higher MCT content of olein fraction were produced by<br />the lower critical cooling rate and the longer crystallization process.<br />Keywords: fractionation, crystallization, MCT, coconut oil, cooling rate.</p>

Vacuum evaporation and nitrogen-assisted deodorization affects the antioxidant capacity in the olein fraction of red palm oil and its emulsion products

Background: Deodorization of the olein fraction of red palm oil (OFRP) determines not only the taste of a multivitamin emulsion but also its antioxidant capacity. The emulsion product was formulated from OFRP, pumpkin juice (PJ), and dragon fruit juice (DFJ). This study aimed to optimize vacuum evaporation and nitrogen-assisted deodorizations of OFRP, observing levels of β-carotene, α-tocopherol, inhibition percentage of ABTS reduction, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity. Methods: The deodorizations observed were vacuum evaporation in four conditions: (1) 90°C, 80±5 mmHg, (2) 100°C, 80±5 mmHg, (3) 90°C, 100±5 mmHg, (4) 100°C, 100±5 mmHg, and nitrogen-assisted in two flow durations: (1) 15 min and (2) 30 min. β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were employed as standards. Results: The deodorized OFRP had fewer than 2% free fatty acids (FFA), lower than 3% peroxide value (PV), and lower than 4% acidic value (AV). Fluctuations of the β-carotene and α-tocopherol concentrations were observed in the deodorized OFRP. The final emulsion product had β-carotene of 259.9±1.4 to 271.7±2.4 ppm and α-tocopherol of 36.36±0.20 to 39.12±0.20 ppm. The total betacyanin of the emulsions were ±25% than DFJ. The emulsions had 22.93 to 32.11% of ABTS reduction inhibitory activity of the BHT activity and FRAP activity of 16.54±0.19 to 17.69±0.67 mM FeSO4•7H2O. Conclusions: The best vacuum evaporation optimized at 90 °C, 100±5 mmHg, 60 RPM for 1 hour. The best nitrogen-assisted deodorization was at 85±3°C and 1 l/minute of nitrogen for 15 minutes. The deodorization process affected the antioxidant activity of OFRP and emulsions.

PENGGUNAAN ARANG AKTIF KULIT KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN DALAM PRODUKSI KAROTEN DARI FRAKSI OLEIN MINYAK SAWIT KASAR

Research using active charcoal leather peanut (Arachis hypogaea) as adsorbent in carotene production of crude palm oil olein fraction has conducted. This study aims to determine the ratio between active charcoal and olein that can produce the highest carotene shake time for 3 hours. Carotene analysis was conducted using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The study design is applied is completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 variations adsorbent ratio is 1: 5; 1,5: 5; 2: 5; 2,5: 5; 3: 5 w/v and each stage is repeated twice. Results of this research showed that the ratio of peanut skin adsorbent 2: 5 w/v have the best adsorption weighing carotene obtained at 0,72 mg and percent absorption by the adsorbent reaches 97,3%.Keywords: Peanut Leather, Adsorbents, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Carotene.