The process of formation of the Kyrgyz state in the era of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane in the works of Askar Akayev

The article is dedicated to the process of formation of the Kyrgyz statehood in the era of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane studied in the works of A.A. Akaev. A.A. Akaevs approach as a researcher is characterized by scrupulous analysis, warmth and careful attitude to the formation of the Kyrgyz nation. A.A. Akaev identified the period from the XIII to the XV Century as ambiguous, complex, as the time of the Kyrgyz opposition to external expansion, especially hard to experience after the times Of the great power of the IX century. The Chingiz Era radically changed the life of the peoples of Eurasia, including the Kyrgyz ethnic group. Being a time of tragic struggle for independence, this era at the same time strengthened the centripetal tendencies of Kyrgyz statehood, which culminated in the formation of specific features of national unity in 1508 during the time of Muhammad-Kyrgyz. This is the historical conclusion that A. Akaev brings the reader to.

The Value of CT Radiomics Nomogram Analysis of Parenchyma Surrounding Pulmonary Nodules in the Differentiation of Inflammatory Nodules from Tuberculous Nodules

Background: To investigate the value of CT Radiomics nomogram based on pulmonary nodules and surrounding parenchyma in differentiating non-tuberculous inflammatory pulmonary nodules from tuberculous nodules.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 273 patients with pulmonarynodules confirmed by surgery and pathology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University from January 2015 to March 2021, including 164 cases of non-tuberculous inflammatory nodules and 109 cases of tuberculous nodules.Pulmonary nodule (ROI1), 3mm parenchymal band around nodule (ROI2) and nodules with external expansion (ROI3) were segmented andradiomic features were extracted by A.K. software. The stability of the features was analyzed by ICC, and the features were divided into the training set and the verification set by random stratified sampling according to the ratio of 7:3. The radiomics label was constructed by using the maximum relevance and minimum redundancy method (mRMR) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) after two dimensional reduction.Finally, multiple Logistic regression analysis was conducted to select the optimal model among the three models, and the classification model including the radiomicfeatures and clinical risk factors was established.The identification effectiveness of the model was evaluated in terms of average area under curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, and was independently validated in a validation cohort.Results: There was significant difference in the type of pulmonary nodules between the two groups (p< 0.05). Nodules with external expansion model has the best diagnostic performance, and combined with clinical features (nodular type) to construct a classification model.The AUC of both the training cohort and the validation cohort was 0.93. Decision curve analysis showed that the radiomics nomogram had good value in classification of the two categories of nodules.Conclusions: The CT radiomics nomogram based on nodule plus surrounding substance has good performance in judging non-tuberculous inflammatory nodules and tuberculous nodules, which can provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and has good clinical application value and development prospect.

Man and his enlightenment: ideas, projects, practice

After the collapse of the USSR, Russia is in a state of crisis. The population of the country remembers its past, but does not know what its future will be. The old scale of values is no longer working, and the new one has not yet developed. The crisis affected all the main sectors of the country's life, including education. The continuity of generations was under threat. The situation is aggravated by the external expansion of the initiators of the next redistribution of the world. As a" Trojan horse", they impose values that are alien to us, aimed at destroying the cultural code of Russia, at breaking the connection between generations. Youth, deprived of social immunity, quite easily enters the path of corruption and perversion, destroying itself and the world around it. The authors of the stated monograph, in search of a worthy answer to the historical challenge of Russia, turn to those who are concerned about the fate of the Fatherland and on whom the future of our Motherland depends.

Key Features of the External Expansion of South Korean Protestant Organizations and Its Main Reasons

This article analyzes the process of active international expansion of South Korean Protestant organizations, continuing since the end of the 20th century. Today, based on various numerical and qualitative indicators, they could be called one of the most influential global actors in the religious sphere and partly even in international relations. On the one hand, the language and methods, which such organizations use in order to disseminate their teachings continue the centuries-old tradition of Christian missionary work, in particular the American view of it. On the other hand, they are its rethinking, that could be possible only in the conditions of modern, constantly changing, but on the whole capitalistic, deeply globalized and a democratized world, throwing new challenges to religious organizations and forcing them looking for novel ways to survive in an increasingly aggressive environment. Special attention is paid to the major reasons for the appearance of such phenomenon and its characteristic features connected with them. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that characteristic features of South Korean Protestant organizations’ activities abroad such as interchurch competition, factionalism along with high involvement in the commercial sector and politics are directly related to the historical process of the development of this denomination on the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, despite the transnational nature of these organizations, their activities are still predominately targeted the society that gave rise to them. However, this does not prevent them from being also an instrument for expanding foreign policy influence and even an element of soft power.