A SIGN IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS: JORDANIAN SHOP SIGNS IN VARIOUS LANGUAGES

Language is a powerful tool for communication in a variety of fields all around the world. People sometimes communicate in a variety of fields by combining the official language with languages used in other nations. Education, health, business, commerce, and other fields are among them. In Jordan, the commercial sector demonstrates the importance of the native tongue, as well as the diversity of languages used in store signage. This research looks on the languages used on commercial store signage in Irbid. According to the findings of this study, 36 percent of commercial store signs are monolingual English, which indicates that they are written entirely in English. Furthermore, 36% of store signs are bilingual English – Arabic, meaning they are written in both English and Arabic. Other foreign languages, such as French, are written on 18% of store signs, whereas Arabic, the official language of Jordanians, is inscribed on 9%. In conclusion, this study shows that English is widely utilized in the business sector in Irbid, as opposed to other foreign languages, which are infrequently used. It also highlights the strong use of English and Arabic, indicating that Irbid is a moderate and conservative city that values the use of the native tongue alongside English as a foreign language.

GROSS MARGIN AS A CATEGORY FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION

Contemporary management concepts in public organisations emphasize the adaptation and implementation of selected management methods tested in commercial sector organisations. They are used to improve the processes of providing public services and to ensure savings, especially in terms of the level of costs. One such instrument is variable cost accounting, which, through the gross margin value, allows to assess both the ability of an organisation to provide specific services and to ensure the widest possible range of services, as well as to identify those who are responsible for the functioning of selected responsibility centres. The study attempts to present an algorithm of conduct ensuring the effective use of variable cost accounting in the process of improving the operation of public organisations.

Teleworking and Information Security Management in Commercial Sector Companies

Currently, working conditions have been evolving continuously, which makes it necessary to incorporate teleworking as a means of support to fulfill the tasks entrusted. However, this type of employment brings with it vulnerabilities within companies that are not prepared for such a situation. For this reason, a teleworking model is proposed to improve the management of information security in organizations in the commercial sector. This research is of a basic type with a non-experimental design and correlational level, with a quantitative approach, the survey technique, and a questionnaire was used as an instrument that was applied to 70 workers in the commerce sector. The results show that 54.29% consider the organizational change in companies as deficient, 62.86% indicate the use of technologies as deficient, and 84.29% consider that the level of confidentiality of the information is regular. These results reflect that information security management must be implemented to provide greater reliability, integrity, productivity, control, and protection to teleworking processes.

The Role of Strategic Brightness and Entrepreneurship in Achieving High Performance Gains

The current research deals with everything related to activating the contemporary leadership style for business organizations according to their modern models (developmental, results, integrative, personal), as the style is chosen according to the leader's strategic repertoire and his inspirational powers in a specific position.As a result of the rapid developments and rapid changes in recent years and the intensification of competition in the markets as a whole, which made most organizations guarantee for themselves survival and sustainability in the markets and the results of their work achieved by the management approach to controlling their work and this is done according to the perspective of ingenuity or organizational creativity with the support of their thinkers.From here, the researcher identified the problem of the research with the question that confirms the extent to which it is possible to benefit from the level of creativity in the minds of the leaders of our local institutions, and what is their role in getting rid of routine obstacles that increase organizational deterioration to reach the pioneering performance in all their businesses. The aim of the current research is to analyze and explore the degree of strategic brightness in the commercial sector in Basra, to diagnose the relative importance of the components of strategic leadership in the environment of commercial activity and to try to analyze the level of awareness of the issue of creativity as an initiative. The business of modern Basra, namely )Al-Madda and Al-Taif companies(, amounting to (25) individuals out of a total of (35) individuals, at a rate of (71%). Descriptive and inferential tests will be conducted, the aim of which is to test the correlation and influence relationships between the variables of strategic brightness and investment leadership to gain the benefits of high performance and competitive advantage based on creativity and leadership, starting from leading and extending towards the endless competition in the market.

A 21st Century Technical Infrastructure for Digital Preservation

Digital preservation systems and practices are rooted in research and development efforts from the late 1990s and early 2000s when the cultural heritage sector started to tackle these challenges in isolation. Since then, the commercial sector has sought to solve similar challenges, using different technical strategies such as software defined storage and function-as-a-service. While commercial sector solutions are not necessarily created with long-term preservation in mind, they are well aligned with the digital preservation use case. The cultural heritage sector can benefit from adapting these modern approaches to increase sustainability and leverage technological advancements widely in use across Fortune 500 companies.

Gradient of Russian pharmaceutical market development in covid conditions

In 2020, markets are showing both unpredictable and anticipated development trends. The pharmaceutical market was no exception. Turnover of the commercial drug market in 2020 amounted to 1,128 billion rubles, which is 10.6% more than in the previous year. Parapharmaceutical sales amounted to RUB 279 billion in 2020. In the analyzed period, state purchases of pharmaceuticals reached 634 billion rubles. It was expected an increase in Pharma-2020’s turnover in value terms; the basis for the increase was over-the-counter drugs and domestically produced drugs. At the same time, in the statistics of packaging, a decrease in sales was observed in the commercial sector of medicines — by 2.3%, and in parapharmaceuticals — by 15.4%, and in hospital purchases — by 15.0%. According to the results of the analysis, there is an increase in the consumption of expensive drugs, as well as a redistribution of demand to the segment of large packages. The share of online sales in the pharmaceutical market for the monitored 2020 increased from 5.5% in January to 8.2% in December. The share of expensive drugs in the online segment is higher than in the offline segment.

Energy Efficiency Initiatives for A Hospital Building in Malaysia

In the past decades, research about energy consumption reduction has become a trend due to concern of energy wastage that leads to the negative impact on the environment. Commercial sector produces higher energy consumption compared to other sectors in Malaysia and hospital building is one of the highest energy consumptions in the commercial sector. Continuous operation time and complexity of engineering system are some of the reasons for high energy consumptions in hospital buildings that leads to high energy costs. This study examines the electricity load apportioning for a hospital building in Selangor, Malaysia through a detailed energy audit. From the energy audit, several Energy Efficiency Initiatives (EEI) were identified in reducing the energy usage in hospital: room temperature control, efficient lighting system, efficient unit for Air-Conditioning Split Unit (ACSU) and Variable Speed Drive (VSD) installation. The EEIs is expected to produce a total electricity saving of 1,250,692 kWh/year, equivalent to a cost saving of RM 421, 706/year and total emission reduction of 869 tonnes CO2 per year.

From crawling to sprinting: Community translation goes mainstream

The notion that “two heads are better than one” is hardly new when applied to translation. The entire corpus of Buddhist sutras was translated into Chinese collaboratively by foreign and Chinese monks over a thousand-year period which began in the 1st century A.D. (Chueung, 2006). However, the dominant model used today for translation in the commercial sector depends on a process that largely inhibits collaboration. This article presents some of the latest findings from research on the state of community translation, based on multiple market research studies carried out over a five-year period, including a comparative analysis of 100 community translation environments and interviews with stakeholders. The research reveals that, over the course of the last several years, translation industry participants have been moving away from the traditional process toward a more dynamic and collaborative model. As community-based models have grown in popularity, distinct types of environments have emerged as well.