„The Sword Stretched between Two Worlds”: the Image of the Charismatic Leader in Legionary Ideology

"Inspired by recent historiographical contributions concerning the complex implications of the notion of charisma for the various expressions of fascism, this article attempts to explore some of the main characteristics and functions of charismatic leadership in the case of the Legion of the “Archangel Michael”. Drawing upon the classical ideal-typical model developed by Max Weber and building on the conclusions of some of its most significant refinements within the field of fascist studies, the present analysis will provide a brief outlook on the manner in which charismatic authority was theoretically developed in the case of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, the founder and ruler of the Legionary Movement. Keywords: fascism, charismatic authority, the Legionary Movement, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu "

PERAN ELITE SUKU TENGGER DALAM PEMILU 2019 DI DESA ARGOSARI KECAMATAN SENDURO KABUPATEN LUMAJANG

This research focuses on the roles of the elite in the Tengger Tribe in the last 2019 elections, more precisely discussing matters related to authority and authority in the successful holding of the 2019 elections yesterday. This elite which is divided into several segments is a channel for the aspirations of the lower classes. The minimal knowledge of the Tengger Tribe regarding politics and government makes some actions and choices tend to follow the local elites. In this case, the elite in the eyes of Max Weber, dividing it into three types according to social relations. The three types are traditional authority types which in Tengger society are occupied by adat pandhita shamans, charismatic authority types which are occupied by Hindu religious leaders and Islamic religious leaders, and the last is formal legal authority type occupied by the Argosari village head. Concerning the 2019 General Elections, each has its own mass base in terms of the type of authority. Even though the village head, traditional shaman, Muslim and Hindu community leaders, do differ in their political choices, they still uphold democratic values along with their traditional values. Some philosophies related to democracy and elections according to the elite and the Tengger community are the same as the life guidelines handed down from their ancestors. Tengger Tribe living guidelines include, among others, Tenggering benevolence, Sesanti Titi Luhur, Disathru, and Hila-Hila which are instructions for democracy. The implementation of elections and democracy in peace will be realized when the Tengger Tribe people follow the guidelines of their ancestors. Thus, the motto adopted by the local community can be realized "Memayu Hayuning Bawono and Sepi Ing Pamrih Rame Ing Gawe”.

PERAN ELITE SUKU TENGGER DALAM PEMILU 2019 DI DESA ARGOSARI KECAMATAN SENDURO KABUPATEN LUMAJANG

This research focuses on the roles of the elite in the Tengger Tribe in the last 2019 elections, more precisely discussing matters related to authority and authority in the successful holding of the 2019 elections yesterday. This elite which is divided into several segments is a channel for the aspirations of the lower classes. The minimal knowledge of the Tengger Tribe regarding politics and government makes some actions and choices tend to follow the local elites. In this case, the elite in the eyes of Max Weber, dividing it into three types according to social relations. The three types are traditional authority types which in Tengger society are occupied by adat pandhita shamans, charismatic authority types which are occupied by Hindu religious leaders and Islamic religious leaders, and the last is formal legal authority type occupied by the Argosari village head. Concerning the 2019 General Elections, each has its own mass base in terms of the type of authority. Even though the village head, traditional shaman, Muslim and Hindu community leaders, do differ in their political choices, they still uphold democratic values along with their traditional values. Some philosophies related to democracy and elections according to the elite and the Tengger community are the same as the life guidelines handed down from their ancestors. Tengger Tribe living guidelines include, among others, Tenggering benevolence, Sesanti Titi Luhur, Disathru, and Hila-Hila which are instructions for democracy. The implementation of elections and democracy in peace will be realized when the Tengger Tribe people follow the guidelines of their ancestors. Thus, the motto adopted by the local community can be realized "Memayu Hayuning Bawono and Sepi Ing Pamrih Rame Ing Gawe”.

Charisma and social phenomenology: Gerda Walther, Herman Schmalenbach and Aron Gurwitsch

This paper explores the contribution of early social phenomenologists working in the 1920s and 1930s in Germany to charisma theory. Specifically, I focus on the works of Gerda Walther, Herman Schmalenbach and Aron Gurwitsch, whose work is now being re-appreciated in the field of social philosophy. Living in the interbellum German-speaking space, these authors were keenly interested in the issue of charismatic authority and leadership introduced into the social sciences by Max Weber, with whom they engaged in an indirect intellectual dialogue. I argue that their phenomenological background equipped them well to understand the intricacies of the experiential and emotional dimension of charisma, and that their insights remain valid even a century after they have been first published.

Guru Persona

This article analyses the construction of the images of two contemporary Indian gurus—Sri Sri Ravi Shankar (SSRS) and Jaggi Vasudev (JV)—and their charismatic authority through a close study of their biographies. The genre, labelled “guruography” by Stephen Jacobs (2016, 61), serves as a useful tool to study the various elements that consolidate the guru’s public profile, enhancing his unique personal or charismatic authority. The Art of Living Foundation (AOLF) led by Sri Sri Ravi Shankar and the Isha Foundation (IF) headed by Jaggi Vasudev, are both guru-led faith based organizations that have managed to consolidate a significant following worldwide. The gurus serve as thriving examples of living founder-leaders of transnational groups with a specific focus on yoga, meditation, and pranayama (specialized breathing rhythms commonly practiced in yoga). This work analyses guru biographies in order to ascertain their role in influencing a favourable reading of guru charisma, and also to demonstrate the role played by these narratives in generating a shared understanding of the guru. It also discusses the various factors that have a bearing on the overall charismatic appeal of the leaders of faith based groups.

In Need of a Leader: Bolesław Piasecki’s Charismatic Leadership in the 1930s

This article is part of the special cluster, “National, European, Transnational: Far-right activism in the 20th and 21st centuries”, guest edited by Agnieszka Pasieka. Bolesław Piasecki, the leader of the Polish National Radical Movement (RNR), was one of the influential far-right activists in the 1930s. This article examines his political leadership through the lens of Weberian charismatic authority, enhanced by the analytical Anthony Ammeter’s framework for the analyzing power dynamics of leadership. Through a close investigation of the development of his political career, the article shows—in contrast to much of the existing literature—that Piasecki’s power was forged through triangular interactions between his skills and influential personality, the expectations and needs of his associates, and as a result of a series of events in which he displayed the ability to wield political impact. This approach sheds light on the ways in which political leadership is reliant on a wider network of relationships and shows that Piasecki’s charismatic authority was to a large extent an image constructed by his closest associates. At the same time, it shows parallels and connections between the RNR and other European fascist movements. This approach enables us to define and specify more precisely the nature of the RNR, and dig deep into the complex dynamics lying behind the final failure of the movement and Piasecki’s leadership.

Continuing Revelation and Institutionalization: Joseph Smith, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Charismatic Leadership in Antebellum America

Nineteenth-century North American religious history is filled with divinely inspired people who received and recorded new revelations. This article presents Joseph Smith Jr and Ralph Waldo Emerson as charismatic prophets who promoted the idea of continuing revelation. Drawing on Max Weber's concept of charismatic authority, it will contrast their forms of new sacred writing with one another to show how both had experienced encounters with the divine. The second part will then explore how different conceptualizations of revelation led to opposing concepts of religious authority, with consequences for the possibility of institution-building processes. While Smith would reify revelation in hierarchy, Emerson eventually promoted extreme spiritual individualization by rejecting the idea of an exclusive institution as the centre of revelatory authority.