Assessment of Maturity over Seasons using Various Indices in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Background: Groundnut is a crop with puzzling nature of maturity. The ability to determine the correct data of harvest in groundnut is strongly affecting factor of the economic return from the crop. Among the different methodologies suggested for calculating the maturity index in groundnut, those which could be used at field level and with ease includes: shell out method, seed hull ratio maturity index, hull scrape method and maturity profile board (MPB) method. The present study was taken up to evaluate the efficiency of these methods in determining the maturity duration.Methods: The maturity indices were calculated in the varieties CO 7, ICGV 07222, VRI 6, VRI 8, GPBD 4, VRI 3, Chico, Gangapuri, ICGV 91114 and ICGV 93468 cultivated during 2018-19, at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Result: In shell out and hull scrape method maturity indices ranging from 70-80% and in Seed hull ratio maturity index the range 2.9-3.6 revealed the highest number of matured pods with maximum weight. The correlation study results showed highest efficacy of hull scrape method in predicting the correct date of harvest in groundnut. The method establishes that the colour of mesocarp exactly reveals maturity status of groundnut pods. Thus, maturity index in groundnut is more reliable when calculated by hull scrape method. In case when the maturity index is below 70% the pods could be arranged on a maturity profile board (MPB) to determine the days until digging.

What really happened in Ravenna? C.G. Jung and Toni Wolff’s Mosaic Vision

On at least five different occasions, C.G. Jung told the story of how he and Toni Wolff saw and discussed four mosaics in an ancient Baptistery in Ravenna, Italy, that turned out not to exist, but rather had apparently represented some sort of shared visionary experience. It was, Jung said, ‘among the most curious events in my life’ (MDR:285). This article begins by establishing the correct date and location of this incident. Then it seeks to show, with the aid of the author’s on-site investigation of the relevant sites in Ravenna, that what Jung and Wolff saw in the Baptistery actually did exist but was partly misremembered and partly misinterpreted. Pictures are included that illustrate relevant details. KEYWORDS Jung Chronology, Toni Wolff, Ravenna, Baptistery of the Orthodox, Arian Baptistery, San Giovanni Evangelista.

Was the Sabbath Observed in Āl-Yāḫūdu in the Early Decades of the Babylonian Exile?

The present note relates to a study by Oded Tammuz on concluding transactions on a Sabbath in Elephantine, Āl-Yāḫūdu and Bīt-Našar. The note points out that ignoring the Egyptian dates of the Elephantine papyri impairs Tammuz’s discussion, and calls into question his distinction between the alleged Judean-majority population of Āl-Yāḫūdu and Judean-minority population of Bīt-Našar. Also, the Julian dates of some tablets were miscalculated by Tammuz; the correct date of one Āl-Yāḫūdu tablet from Nabonidus’ reign falls on a Sabbath.

The Dates of the 587/6 BCE Capture and Destruction of Jerusalem

The present article examines the dates of the 587/6 BCE capture and destruction of Jerusalem, which differ across the parallel accounts in 2 Kgs 24:18–25:21 and Jer 52:1–30. I argue that the Masoretic Text of Jer 52:6 gives the correct date of Jerusalem’s capture, even though the relevant phrase is a later insertion. In addition, I propose a new solution for the problem of the variant dates of the city’s destruction. According to this solution, the original date has been preserved by 2 Kgs 25:8, while the date given in Jer 52:12 has been influenced by an incorrect assumption about the date of the capture.

The paschal theology of Abbot Ceolfrith of Wearmouth-Jarrow

Failure to achieve a consensus on a regular Easter cycle divided Christians in the second century and again in the fourth. In the seventh century and early eighth, the matter was contested among the churches of Britain and Ireland. In this period, Ceolfrith, abbot of Wearmouth-Jarrow, sent a letter to the king of the Picts, outlining the reasons for following a nineteen-year paschal cycle. Bede, in his Historia ecclesiastica, reproduced Ceolfrith's letter, preserving a unique study on the logistical and theological complexities in the debate on how to derive the correct date to celebrate Easter. Concentration on Ceolfrith's computistical argument, however, can miss his interpretation of paschal theology that emphasises the Resurrection rather than the Passion; his Christological emphasis on the biblical Exodus story; and his mystical interpretation of Easter as a spiritual journey where light triumphs over darkness. This article therefore discusses Ceolfrith's paschal theology and considers the way in which it may have affected liturgical rites.

IUPAC in Brussels in 1921: A Historical Photo

During a search of photographs and documentation on the Belgian photographer Benjamin Couprie, who took the well-known pictures of the Solvay Conferences during the first half of the twentieth century, Santiago Alvarez [1] came across an image in “La Digithèque des Bibliothèques de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles” with the title “Réception de l’Union Internationale de Chimie Pure et Appliquée, photographie de groupe” (Figure 1) [2]. It is a high-resolution copy of a very sharp photograph of a group of 86 people. On the frame of that photo one can read two inscriptions noted in pencil above and below the photograph, respectively: “Union Internationale de la Chimie pure et appliquée,” and “Reception au chateau de La Hulpe le 29 Juin 1921.” Moreover, just under the photograph there are two inscriptions in smaller letters: “Bruxelles 1913,“ on the left, and the signature of “Benj. Couprie” on the right, both in the same handwriting. Two questions arise: (1) Which is the correct date for that photograph? (2) Who are the persons that appear in the photo?

Validation of the names of eight species of Blattaria according to the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature

According to information provided by Krell & Pape (2015), in articles 8, 9, 10, 21 and 78 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) after the 2012 Amendment (ICZN 2012a, b, c), the publication methods are expanded and improved. One of the requirements for electronic publication to be available for Nomenclatural Actions is that publications have to be registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank.org), by enabling the work to be potentially compatible with the code in its final version, in which the correct date of publication must be provided, guaranteeing the nomenclatural priority of the electronic version. Failure to follow these measures will keep the information recorded from being known to the scientific community.

Eric M. Ramírez-Weaver, A Saving Science: Capturing the Heavens in Carolingian Manuscripts. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2017, pp. 312, 75 b/w ill. + 35 color ill.

In 809, Carolingian prelates under the direction of Adalhard of Corbie convened at Aachen to discuss, among other pressing issues, the state of the knowledge of computus in the realm. The ability of churchmen to reckon the exact day when Jesus was crucified, the age at which he died, and the correct date to celebrate Easter, a moveable feastday, were of vital importance for the Carolingian program of correctio. The product of their meeting was a practical treatise of computistical, calendrical, and astronomical information known to scholars as the Handbook of 809. Culled from ancient and Christian authorities and lavishly illustrated with a total of forty-six diagrams and star pictures, the Handbook of 809 served as an important pedagogical tool for Carolingian intellectuals, who sought a Christian understanding of the heavens.

Wearable smart device incorporating real-time clock module and alcohol sensor

<p>In this work, we designed and built a wearable device with battery-saving and alcohol-sensing functions. The motivation for this device was to deliver a proof-of-concept wearable and functional device which alerts the user of possible alcohol breath level above a threshold limit and can be worn for an extended time due to battery saving features. It was built using a combination of Arduino electronics and sensors, and encased in 3D-printed ABS bracelet. A 4-digit 7-segment LED display on board is used to display time which is tracked using a real-time clock module. A 3-axis accelerometer determines the orientation of the device and activates the display only when it is held in a specific orientation by the user. An example is when two axes are normal to the gravitational pull while a single axis is in line with gravity to simulate users raising their arm parallel to the ground. A slight tolerance in the setting ensures that the threshold for activation is not overly strict. This will ensure that the LED display is activated over a narrow range of orientations. The alcohol sensor is sensitive to alcohol content in the air. The threshold for detection can be changed and calibrated to the user specific needs. The alcohol sensor is slightly sensitive to humidity and very sensitive to alcohol. It has been tested with ethanol, wine and beer with 95%, 12.5% and 4.55% alcohol content, respectively. Because the alcohol sensor works by using a resistor that continuously pulls current and detects changes in resistivity due to adsorption of alcohol molecules, it consumes a lot of power when turned on continuously. In order to conserve power, the sensor can be activated only when the device is oriented in a specific position or when the user pushes a button. An Arduino Nano board is used to reduce the overall size of the device. It is powered using an external 5V battery via a mini-USB connector. In order to reduce the number of IO pins used, the RTC, LED and accelerometer were configured to use I2C interface connections. A default SCL clock speed of 100 kHz is used and the component IOs are connected to a common SDA line which terminates at one analog pin. In normal operation, the RTC is configured to read time continuously at one second interval. It is preprogramed with the correct date and time prior to operation of the device.</p>

Effect of fungicides used for powdery mildew disease management on African weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a biocontrol agent of sap-sucking pests in cashew crop in Tanzania

In the article above the accepted date was incorrect. The correct date is 11 September 2013.