Designs involving sequences of treatments with residuals proportional to direct effects

Designs involving sequences of treatments are advantageously used when observations are taken repeatedly from same experimental unit period after period as a new treatment is applied in each period. Hence, inclusion of residual effects into the model becomes the most important feature of such designs. Six popular classes of designs involving sequences of treatments are studied under a model with carryover effects proportional to the direct effects where the unknown proportionality parameter assumed values from -1 to +1. The objective of this empirical study was to determine the value of proportionality parameter for which maximum information can be drawn from the design.

Preserving Distinctive Identity through Cultural Revival: An Analysis of Sindhi Nationalist Movement during One-Unit Era

Islam The paper intends to address the fundamental question that whether the movement for cultural revival in Sindh during the One-Unit period was a surrogate effort for the achievement of political goals or it was an effort by the Sindhi intelligentsia to protect Sindhi culture against the government's patronized onslaught of foreign cultures and to ensure the survival of cultural personality of indigenous Sindhis. The abolishment of Sindh's provincial status in 1955 to create a unified province of West Pakistan, also called as One-Unit, had triggered a campaign in Sindh to regain the provincial status. The political environment was not permissible for any overt political agitation, so a vigorous campaign for cultural revival spearheaded by the intelligentsia and educated youth emerged with vigor. The study focuses on investigating the goals and objectives of the movement by qualitative analysis of data and concludes that the movement endeavoured to protect and strengthen the distinctive cultural personality of indigenous Sindhis within Pakistan.

Expedited circular dichroism prediction and engineering in two-dimensional diffractive chiral metamaterials leveraging a powerful model-agnostic data enhancement algorithm

A model-agnostic data enhancement (MADE) algorithm is proposed to comprehensively investigate the circular dichroism (CD) properties in the higher-order diffracted patterns of two-dimensional (2D) chiral metamaterials possessing different parameters. A remarkable feature of MADE algorithm is that it leverages substantially less data from a target problem and some training data from another already solved topic to generate a domain adaptation dataset, which is then used for model training at no expense of abundant computational resources. Specifically, nine differently shaped 2D chiral metamaterials with different unit period and one special sample containing multiple chiral parameters are both studied utilizing the MADE algorithm where three machine learning models (i.e, artificial neural network, random forest regression, support vector regression) are applied. The conventional rigorous coupled wave analysis approach is adopted to capture CD responses of these metamaterials and then assist the training of MADE, while the additional training data are obtained from our previous work. Significant evaluations regarding optical chirality in 2D metamaterials possessing various shape, unit period, width, bridge length, and separation length are performed in a fast, accurate, and data-friendly manner. The MADE framework introduced in this work is extremely important for the large-scale, efficient design of 2D diffractive metamaterials and more advanced photonic devices.

Systematization of α-decaying nuclei based on shell structures: The case of odd–even and odd–odd nuclei

In previous studies, we provided a novel systematization of [Formula: see text]-decaying even–even and even–odd nuclei starting with the classically adopted mechanism [T. Yarman et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 52 (2016) 140; Eur. Phys. J. A 53 (2017) 4]. Knowing beforehand the measured decay half-life, we had taken as a parameter the probability of the [Formula: see text]-particle as being first born in a unit period of time, within the parent nucleus before it is emitted out. We thence developed a scaffold based on shell properties of families composed of “alike nuclei”. Along the same line, we now present a systematization of odd–even (OE) as well as odd–odd ([Formula: see text]OO) nuclei. We apply our approach further to the investigation of the effect of pairing (e.g., the effect when the number of nucleons is increased by one neutron), and that of unpairing (e.g., the effect when the number of nucleons is decreased by one neutron); thus it becomes an even number for the case of odd–even nuclei [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Case OE[Formula: see text], and an odd number in the case of odd–odd nuclei [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Case OO[Formula: see text]. For the first case [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]OE[Formula: see text], we pick the exemplar set [Formula: see text]Re, [Formula: see text]Fr, [Formula: see text]Bk, [Formula: see text]Db; where we delineate by, respectively, Re, Fr, Bk, and Db all of the odd–even or odd–odd isotopes that neighbor the four mentioned odd–even isotopes on the proposed scaffold. We proceed in the same way for the second case [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]OO[Formula: see text]. Thus, we choose the exemplar set of odd–odd nuclei [Formula: see text]Ir, [Formula: see text]Ac, [Formula: see text]Es. We then gather all of the Ir, Ac, and Es odd–odd and odd–even isotopes that neighbor the three mentioned odd–odd isotopes on the proposed scaffold. We show that, in the former case, pairing, as expected, generally increases stability of the given nucleus; and in the latter case, unpairing works in just the opposite direction — i.e., it generally increases instability. We disclose “stability peaks” versus [Formula: see text] for both sets of nuclei, we tackle here. Furthermore, we present a study to highlight an outlook of “odd-A nuclei[Formula: see text]” at hand. Contrary to the general expectation, we unveil no systematic on that.