A Republican Queen

This chapter describes how, when Frederick V and Elizabeth Stuart arrived in the Dutch Republic in April of 1621, they had been homeless for five months, during which time they had only been together sporadically. The States General had begun preparing a house in The Hague for the comfort and convenience of their nomadic royal guests in March. The general expectation was that Elizabeth would return to England and Frederick to the battlefields of Germany. In any case, the States General did not imagine that these outlaws of the Holy Roman Empire would be their guests for long: they rented the furniture for just three days. However, the exiled court showed no signs of moving on. The hope that Frederick and Elizabeth might prove only temporary guests was somewhat forlorn: the Kneuterdijk was the last place Frederick would call home, and Elizabeth would spend the next forty years under its roof. For Elizabeth and Frederick, The Hague was the base from which Frederick could organise his military campaigns and expedite a return to the Palatinate, if not Bohemia. They were intent on remaining until their mission was accomplished.

The photobiology of the human circadian clock

In modern society, the widespread use of artificial light at night disrupts the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which serves as our central circadian clock. Existing models describe excitatory responses of the SCN to primarily blue light, but direct measures in humans are absent. The combination of state-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques and custom-made MRI compatible LED devices allowed to directly measure the light response of the SCN. In contrast to the general expectation, we found that SCN activity was suppressed by light. The suppressions were observed not only in response to narrowband blue light (λmax: 470nm) but remarkably, also in response to green (λmax: 515nm) and orange (λmax: 590nm), but not to violet light (λmax: 405nm). The broadband sensitivity of the SCN implies that strategies on light exposure should be revised: enhancement of light levels during daytime is possible with wavelengths other than blue, while during nighttime, all colors are potentially disruptive.

The Role of Entrepreneurship Activity in Economic Development

The paper presents a summary of the literature on the significance and importance of entrepreneurship to economic growth and development. Entrepreneurship has been shown to have been seen to lead to an overall optimistic development in many economic data. There is a general expectation that this inquiry would address the question of whether there is a correlation between the entrepreneurial enterprise and economic growth. In countries with various economic groups, different citizens are classed due to how much wealth they have. The data used in this paper were extracted from the World Bank, the World Entrepreneurship Monitor (WEM) over the last five years, and the World Economic Forum has a Database of Worldwide businesses. However, in low-middle- and middle-income nations, growth-oriented entrepreneurship is associated with economic progress. Analysis of various countries and different levels of economic growth, so it can be claimed that entrepreneurship serves a special position.

Energy Consumption Evaluation of Active Tillage Machines Using Dynamic Modelling

Soil tillage is a very energy-intensive operation. A general expectation is to reduce energy consumption and reduce soil compaction with as few turns and interventions as possible. Thus, more and more attention is being paid to the use of active tillage machines. The aim of the present work is to test a new approach to optimize PTO-driven tilling machine operations regarding energy consumption. A real, active tillage machine, the MSS-140 type spading machine, was investigated in the Matlab® Simscape™ environment. The solid model of the spading machine was built using actual dimensions. The work done by a single spade is broken down into elementary processes. The acting forces on the implement, in each elementary process for different advancing speeds, were modelled and calculated. The model is suitable for illustrating the dynamics of loads and for calculating the mechanical work. The model was also tested in comparison with real fuel consumption. The consumed fuel quantity was measured and the energy requirement for the model calculated at three advancing speeds. A comparison between the measured and calculated energy consumption values was made: the calculated results are similar to the measured values; the mean difference is 9.91%, with a standard deviation 3.3%.

A Validation of Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior: Prescribing Behavior of Otolaryngologists during COVID 19 Pandemic in Pakistan

The objective of this investigation was to uncover the magnitude of unethical promotion practicesemployed by pharmaceutical firms on Otolaryngologists and decide if the acknowledged giftsimpacts their feelings with respect to gifts received. It intends to evaluate the perceptions/attitudeof doctors towards gifts offered by pharmaceutical organizations, and impact of these gifts onprescribing behavior. The purpose is to explore whether attitude toward the behaviorsignificantly affect intention; and whether subjective norm significantly affect intention andwhether perceived behavioral control significantly affect intention. The study explores whetherintention significantly affect prescribing behavior and whether perceived behavioral controldirectly significantly affect prescribing behavior. The “Theory of Planned Behavior” TPB allowssuch appraisal and is utilized for assessing anti-biotic use. After the preliminary analysis,thereview was dispersed amongst doctors in an open private training medical clinic and facilities.196 finished surveys were gotten out of 397 Otolaryngologists, (50.5% adjusted reaction rate). Utilizing multivariate examination, the general expectation toward endorsing antibiotic was not truly unsurprising (model R2 = .134). PBC (relative weight = .354) was the main noteworthy indicators. Our exploration structure can additionally be utilized by policymakers to plan and assess intercessions that may adjust the association between doctors and patients to enhance anti-biotic solutions among COVID 19 patients for various districts and age groups. This methodology gives a structure to create strategy experiences by different partner gatherings. It gives an apparatus to policymakers to research different mediation arrangements.

Enhancing Academic Competence for Students with Disabilities: (A School Review on Post School Transition Program)

For high school leavers, to be accepted in higher education is a general expectation. For graduate students with disability (SWD), however, entering to college remains an exception. This study aims to identify the academic barriers to learning and reveal the strategic preparation for college admission. This study was a survey carried out in 12 special high schools in Central Java, Indonesia. Data was collected by means of questionnaire and interview with the staffs where the post school transition program was implemented. The questionnaire was self-reported by the school staffs consisting of headmasters, teachers, and administrators, while the interview was addressed to seek the academic barriers the students with disabilities encounter in their respective special schools. The data were analyzed on both descriptive quantitative and qualitative measures. The research found that 1) students with disabilities interfere with both internal and external barriers of learning, 2) the differentiated instruction was best employed on the students’ need and learning style bases. The research concluded that academic post school transition gave major contribution to the college admission for those with intellectual disabilities.

Penyampaian Informasi Pekerjaan Bagi Fresh Graduate Melalui Realistic Job Previews

This field experiment review aim was to examine four hypotheses of Realistic Job Previews (RJPs) on 20 fresh graduates respondents. Declarative knowledge, RJPs measurement scale, and interview was used as method of data gathering. The data results by using Mann-Whitney U Test showed that there is no significant relation (p = 0,462) among met expectation variable (p = 0,333), coping strategy (p = 0,462), honesty and integrity perception (p = 0,822) and likelihood to stay (p = 0,469). The research implications are if there is similarity between general expectation and reality of a job, and low possibility for the respondents to reject the job offer, then RJPs won’t give any positive and significant effect in pre-hire process.

The effects of open government data: Some stylised facts

There is a general expectation that open government data (OGD) can lead to the generation of value for government, business, and society. However, there appears to be a lack of scholarly literature that empirically validates what this value is or how it emerges. This paper addresses this concern by exploring what empirical evidence currently exists about the effects stemming from OGD in the case literature. Through the use of a literature review, 17 papers capturing empirical evidence were identified and, from these papers, a systematic collection of statements was extracted from which 173 were retained to construct what we term nine stylised facts. The identified stylised facts depicting features and correlations provide some insights into the de facto positive, negative and/or inconclusive effects relating to OGD as opposed to simply opinions and beliefs.

Sperm and alternative reproductive tactics: a review of existing theory and empirical data

Males that exhibit alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) often differ in the risk of sperm competition and the energetic trade-offs they experience. The resulting patterns of selection could lead to between-tactic differences in ejaculate traits. Despite extensive research on male ARTs, there is no comprehensive review of whether and what differences in sperm traits exist between male ARTs. We review existing theory on ejaculate evolution relevant to ARTs and then conduct a comprehensive vote-counting review of the empirical data comparing sperm traits between males adopting ARTs. Despite the general expectation that sneaker males should produce sperm that are more competitive (e.g. higher quality or performance), we find that existing theory does not predict explicitly how males adopting ARTs should differ in sperm traits. The majority of studies find no significant difference in sperm performance traits between dominant and sneaker males. However, when there is a difference, sneaker males tend to have higher sperm performance trait values than dominant males. We propose ways that future theoretical and empirical research can improve our understanding of the evolution of ejaculate traits in ARTs. We then highlight how studying ejaculate traits in species with ARTs will improve our broader knowledge of ejaculate evolution. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fifty years of sperm competition’.

Factors That May Continue to Impact a Mother’s Emotional Well-Being Once Her Child’s Treatment for Cancer Has Completed and Their Implications for Ongoing Support

This research explores factors that may continue to impact a mother’s emotional well-being once her child’s treatment for cancer has completed. Research indicates that, contrary to a general expectation of experiencing joy as treatment ends, some families experience very mixed emotions, with fear playing a large part, both leading up to treatment completion and, for some, continuing posttreatment. However, there is no literature that explores a mother’s emotional well-being after a number of years’ posttreatment. This research is a contribution toward addressing that deficit. Five mothers were interviewed using semistructured questions to gather data relating to their specific lived experiences. These were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results indicate that although end of treatment was longed for, there continues to be much uncertainty and fear posttreatment, and this can continue years after treatment has ended. Mothers described changes within themselves (e.g., new attitudes to living) and a need to adapt to a new normal. There were elements of grief for the loss of family life with which they were once so familiar. There was also a strong sense of wanting to support others, so that their own experiences were not wasted. All participants recognized that further counseling support for themselves would be beneficial.