The Overview of Security Theories and Concepts and the Example of the Republic of Bulgaria in Understanding the Problem of Security

Security and defence issues have always been the subject of scientific and artistic interest. The topicality of the researched issues is especially emphasized in the conditions of changing the concepts of security and bringing them from the traditional level to a level reflecting the modern reality. The article attempts to review the genesis and development of the security concept by presenting related and fundamental concepts, related and synonymous terms of the term "security", and various levels of security. The authors try to briefly describe the problem, which is reflected in a number of Bulgarian and international scientific and legislative sources, and which reflects the research purpose of the presented work.

On the Art of Binocular Rivalry

Binocular rivalry has a longer descriptive history than stereoscopic depth perception both of which were transformed by Wheatstone's invention of the stereoscope. Thereafter, artistic interest in binocular vision has been largely confined to stereopsis. A brief survey of research on binocular contour rivalry is followed by anaglyphic examples of its expression as art. Rivalling patterns can be photographs, graphics, and combinations of them. In addition, illustrations of binocular lustre and interactions between rivalry and stereopsis are presented, as are rivalling portraits of some pioneers of the science and art of binocular vision. The question of why a dynamic process like binocular rivalry has been neglected in visual art is addressed.

Dance in Sculpture of the Early 20th Century

This article is concerned with the ratio of plastic arts as exemplified by sculptural works depicting dances of the early 20th century. Special attention is paid to the Greek motives in the Russian art of this period, which became the subject of inexhaustible aesthetic and artistic interest. The representation of ancient dance motifs, their figurative image and the nature of antiquity in sculptural plastics, various approaches to the interpretation of ancient plots and themes, the role and significance of the “antique” component in their artistic structure are considered in the article. The study of multi-level interactions between sculpture and dance in the context of antiquity calls for a comprehensive approach, including historical-cultural, theoretical-analytical and comparative-typological methods. Relating to ancient Greek images, ballet images of S. Konenkov, M. Ryndzyunskaya, N. Andreev, V. Vatagin, V. Beklimishev and S. Erzya provide a purely individual, unique and peculiar vision of dance corresponding to the ancient era. The categories and expressive means of dance were simultaneously analyzed close to the sculptural style of the masters because they are difficult to be divided methodologically and exist as an established artistic system. The concepts of “plastic expressiveness” in relation to the dancers imprinted in sculptures were interpreted. Analyzing the museum materials and sculptures depicting the dancing process, it was concluded that the ancient influence of plastic images on structural and genre determinants may vary.

‘IF’: Planning, Research and Co-creation of an Existential Installation-performance

In her article “‘IF’: Planning, Research and Co-creation of an Existential Installation-performance” Rita Sebestyén offers an account of the research period and performances of the experimental, action-research based and interdisciplinary performance ‘IF’. The installation-performance was co-created by a group of Norwegian, Danish, Swedish and Hungarian artists, and conceived and produced for an international audience. ‘IF’ poses a series of existential questions throughout four interactive installations that allow the audience to interact and become co-creators of the performance, together with the performer-facilitator. Using biology, anthropology, mathematics, elements of gamification, sociology and futurology, this performance is a cross-disciplinary and cross-genre experience, and its research cycles are of both scientific and artistic interest, as the author points it out.

The Study of the Use of the Artistic Resource in Educational Tourism

The author of the article refers to the problem of educational tourism as an artistic resource for modern education. The content of the article is based on the disclosure of different types of cultural and educational tourism and specificity of manifestation of artistic interests and search for the conditions for the realizations cultural and cognitive routes for children and youth. As an example, the technology of “art-pedagogy”, theatrical and game forms of education are presented, and the meaning of the "chronotope" of the path (road) in the context of the artistic resources of educational tourism is considered. The article reveals the essential characteristic of the depictive, plot, socio-historical and meaning-forming meaning of the chronotope. This helps to disclose cultural and historical meanings in terms of space and time. The article shows that the artistic resources of educational tourism are rather versatile and diverse. This contributes to the expansion of needs and development of artistic interest of children and youth.

Veliky Ustyug – the Center of Artistic Culture of the Russian North of the 13th–18th Centuries

The paper gives a brief review of the architectural and artistic heritage of Veliky Ustyug – one of the leading regional centers of historical artistic culture of the Russian North. Throughout the 13th–18th centuries, wooden and stone architecture, painting, woodcarving, birch-bark and metal arts, weaving and other folk arts reached a high level of progress here. Because of the active dedicated work of Ustyug intelligentsia – historians, artists, museum staff and teachers of the first half of the 20th century – the city still has a great number of survived monuments of architecture, painting, woodcarving, silver art and works of other arts that constitute an important part of Russian cultural heritage. The ensembles of tall Ustyug iconostases of the 17th–18th centuries made by both local and guest artisans are of special historical and artistic interest.