Management of congenital flexural tendon contractures with stretching in calves

It has been reported that mild to moderate congenital flexural limb contractures of the calves can be treated with stretching. This study was carried out on eleven calves with mild to moderate flexural foot - tendon contractures (three mild and eight moderate cases). The mild cases were treated successfully with only splints or wooden hoof block/PVC application adhered to the ground under the sole of the hoof with acrylic adhesive. The moderate cases, however,were treated successfully with the combined application in which a splint was placed on an entire limb to correct it and then a wooden hoof block/PVC was adhered to the ground under the sole of the hoof with an acrylic adhesive.

Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita Associated with Hemiatrophy

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita is characterized by the presence of a bluish-purple reticulated cutaneous vascular network on the skin intermixed with telangiectasia and occasionally prominent veins at birth. Areas of the skin within the reticulated cutaneous vascular network may be normal, erythematous, atrophic, and, at times, ulcerated. Areas of ulcerations and focal cutaneous and subcutaneous atrophy occasionally occur resulting in body asymmetry. On the other hand, cutaneous and subcutaneous atrophy, extensive and severe enough leading to hemiatrophy, of the entire limb is rare. A search of the English literature revealed only eight documented cases to which we are adding two more cases.

Sintomas de deficiências de macronutrientes em melancieira

Improper handling of lime and fertilizer can trigger nutritional disorders. This study aimed at describing and depicting the evolution of the symptoms of nutrient deficiencies in watermelon when induced in the fruiting stage, and determining the leaf content in the organ and at the time the symptom was visualized. The experiment was in hydroponics. The symptoms of N and Ca deficiencies were the first to be observed. Nitrogen deficiency caused cessation of growth, inhibition of lateral rods, general chlorosis and necrosis in older leaves. Symptoms of P deficiency first appeared in old leaves with chlorotic and wrinkled areas, which later progressed to necrosis. K deficiency caused marginal chlorosis in older leaves, progressing to the entire limb and evolving to necrosis. With calcium deficiency, the new leaves were deformed, with marginal chlorosis and necrosis, curved edges down, thick leaf blade, wrinkled and necrosis in meristems. The Mg omission initially caused symptoms of internerval chlorosis in old leaves, progressing to off-white and necrotic tissues. The levels of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the leaf and on the occasion of deficiency were 9.7; 1.4; 7.1; 1.8 to 1.8 g kg-1, respectively.

Multiple Schwannomas in the Radial Nerve

We present a case of multiple schwannomas in the radial nerve. The occurrence of multiple schwannomas in a single major nerve is very rare. Magnetic resonance imaging was useful in detecting the tumours. As schwannomas may be multiple without clinical symptoms, we recommend MR imaging of the entire limb when schwannomas occur in a major nerve in the upper extremity.

The structural morphology of walking mechanisms in eumalacostracan crustaceans

Nearly all eumalacostracan orders possess members that are capable of walking by means of their pereopods. This study analyses the skeletomuscular mechanics that make walking possible. It includes at least one member of each order, except for the Stomatopoda: Isopoda (four suborders), Tanaidacea (two suborders), Cumacea, Spelaeogriphacea, Amphipoda (two suborders), Mysidacea (two sub­- orders), Theromosbaenacea, Decapoda and Syncarida. In each case an attempt was made to find primitive or generalized forms. The movement of living animals was observed wherever possible. Because the condition of the endopodal podomeres tends to be relatively stereotyped, primary attention was focused on the base of the limb, that is, body, coxa and basis. All taxa have some features in common. Most importantly, the orientation of the podomeres is such that the entire limb lies in a plane (the ‘limb plane’), whose integrity is preserved in normal locomotion. However, the limb plane can bend to compensate for bottom irregularities, and for the benefit of grooming, feeding, swimming or burrowing. In walking, ‘extensible strut’ motions (Gray 1944) result from extension and flexion within the limb plane, and ‘rowing’ motions are accomplished at the limb base. Rowing motions are complex, involving tilting and rotation of the limb plane and require special adaptations. Two major patterns exist. In eucarids and syncarids, the coxa forms a gimbal, where the dicondylic body-coxa articulation allows promotion/ remotion, and the dicondylic coxa-basis articulation allows abduction/adduction. In most peracarids, body-coxa articulation is either immobilized or capable of limited abduction/adduction, and coxa-basis articulation is monocondylic and can perform a complete suite of motions. Exceptions of varying degrees exist within tanaids and amphipods, and the mysidaceans show an intermediate morphology. I suggest that the percaridan condition is apomorphic and that the evolution of the midventral thoracic marsupium was the driving force for change. Because the oostegites are coxal outgrowths, coxal promotion/remotion as a part of normal walking would disrupt the marsupium. As a result, the coxa lost this function, and coxa-basis articulation evolved to a morphology that would allow promotion/remotion as well as abduction/adduction.

Evidence for a metameric pattern in the development of the chick humerus

It has been proposed that the wing bud is induced by some axial influence at a specific confined location and that the ZPA is the residual influence of such induction. The purpose of the present investigation was to test this hypothesis. Tantalum foil barriers were placed lateral to the mesonephric duct and parallel to the long axis of the embryo in the wing field of stage-12 to -15 chick embryos. These barriers blocked the somatopleure's communication with more medial tissues at specific somitic levels. The results of these experiments demonstrate that (1) the limb is not induced at one specific point, (2) portions of the humerus appear to be induced segmentally along the entire limb field and (3) the ZPA is not induced by axial structures. We propose a model of wing development suggesting that the humerus is induced as several separate components which then fuse to form the definitive bone.