The article explores the concepts of system and system approach, as well as the learning system as a basic methodological category. The main components of the system for teaching Belarusian as a foreign language are characterized as methodological (approaches to learning), target (level goals and objectives of learning), content (subject and procedural content of learning), procedural (principles, methods and techniques, technologies, organizational forms, teaching aids), diagnostic (control and measuring materials). These components act both as independent categories and as interconnected and interdependent elements of the methodological system, characterized by its integrity and, at the same time, the independence of its individual components.