Pluralist Behavioral Economics

Open-minded is identified as an economic key quality in the 21st century due to special abilities in the dissemination of innovations. The impact of dissemination is increasing due to the rise of the creative class including the open-minded. The long-term consumer profile—the most open-minded state of cognition—is identified as simple living contrasting consumerism. The modern prototype of an entrepreneur is “pilot-in-plane” à la Saraswathy, who fits best to the open-mindedness personality. Open-minded entrepreneurs strive for revenue of capital (ROI). A simple ROI formula is presented for business check by entrepreneurs. In all, four heuristics are presented for the doughnut agent. The chapter is complemented by a portrait of the serial entrepreneur Martin Thorborg and a minireview of the author and specialist of “Simple Living” Ole D. Nielsen.

From Local to Globalized Markets

The classical market function is a self-stabilizing mechanism approaching an optimal allocation of resources as previewed by Pareto. However, the overwhelming technological progress by market economy, due to extreme economies of scale at the level of globalized technology, has turned the classical assumptions upside-down. In the globalized economy, production costs are continuously declining, and due branding effects demand slightly increase with quantities sold. This results in enormous monopolist revenues, far beyond what is justified by business incentives. An economic-statistical outlook on the most important global super economies and their stated policies on protection of the Ecosystem is presented. It leads to a pension investment guide. Finally, a SWOT-analysis of liberalist market growth ends the chapter.

Economic Ecology

The approach to economic ecology is based on a survey of the state of the ecosystem that departs from the state of global warming as summarized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The state of alternatives to fossil energy is reviewed, too. Review of measures to establish a circular economy forms the base of a strategy for transition to carbon neutral economy. The most effective economic intervention towards global heating is identified as a Pigovian Tax on CO2-emission (ET). Evidence on the effectiveness and the state of implementation of ET 2020 is reviewed. For complementary evidence, the ET-calculation model of the Danish Climate Law 2020 is described by representatives of the Danish Climate Council in Appendix by Bendtsen and Stewart.

Stress Management

The chapter departs from a review of scientific research in job-related stress. A model of neurodynamics explains the action mechanism of classical meditation as in-depth relaxation as effective means to cope with stress. This line of research has so far been considered alternative by the medical healthcare system, but understanding of the neurophysiological action mechanism should lead to inclusion in accordance with the normal standard of modern healthcare. A minireview of “Meditation and Prevention of Stress” by Are Holen complements the chapter.

Cognitive Training

Modern economics must reflect that most modern people strive for personal development for self-actualization (HRD). The Ancient Greeks discovered in the 5th century BC the dialectic nature of excellent thinking. Continental Europe (Hegel) rediscovered dialectics as the method of history and Anglo-Saxon empiricism claimed the importance of falsification. Relating to contemporary scientists such as Kahneman and Baddeley, the dialectics and empiricism are combined to positivist dialectics as the primary method PDE. The chapter is complemented by appendices of Anna Vedel on the “big five” taxonomy and Torben Larsen reviewing neuroeconomic research.

New Welfare Economy

A review of the welfare economy finds that seven Nobel Laureates recommend a tax system with negative income. The size, entitlement to, meeting out, and finance of universal basic income (UBI) are concluded in accordance with other social security legislation. Further, New Public Management 2.0 is outlined. It also includes national accountancy with multinational companies. The final section presents a COVID-19-based index on social vulnerability that reveals serious limitations to deal with the climate threat in a majority of G7 countries in contrast to the excellent coping with COVID-19 of the larger Asian economies.