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2022 ◽  
pp. 777-791
Author(s):  
Danilo F. S. Santos ◽  
André Felipe A. Rodrigues ◽  
Walter O. Guerra Filho ◽  
Marcos Fábio Pereira

Agile Software Development (ASD) can be considered the mainstream development method of choice worldwide. ASD are used due to features such as easy management and embrace of changes, where change in requirements should be taken as a positive feature. However, some domain verticals, such as medical-healthcare, are classified as critical-safety system, which usually requires traditional methods. This chapter presents a practical use case describing the evolution of a software product that was conceived as a wellness software for end-users in mobile platforms to a medical-healthcare product restricted to regulatory standard recommendations. It presents the challenges and how the ASD is compatible to standards such as ISO/IEC 82304-1.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tulika Chandra ◽  
Devisha Agarwal ◽  
D. Himanshu ◽  
Mallika Agarwal ◽  
Bipin Puri

Background and Objectives. SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a global pandemic as declared by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in March 2020. In India, the first case was reported in Kerala on the 30th of January, and since then, many states are active but some are showing flattening. Following the seroprevalence testing in healthy blood donors, we can monitor the spread of the virus among healthy people, thus eventually leading to implementing strategies to reduce the spread. Thus, a need was felt to conduct a study to assess the IgG antibody status in healthcare workers differentiating those who were in COVID-19 and others in non-COVID-19 emergency duties during this pandemic. Materials and Methods. 2085 blood donors were allowed to donate blood only after fulfilling all the criteria laid down by the FDA of India with additional history of excluding COVID-19 suspects. IgG antibody testing was performed by chemiluminescence, and results were noted along with their reactive status. Their reactive status was analyzed with donor information to get an idea of the risk parameters for COVID-19. Medical healthcare workers in whom the study was carried out were 560, out of which 114 had worked in COVID-19 duties and 446 had worked in non-COVID-19 emergencies areas. COVID-19 area duties were further subdivided into triage, holding area, isolation, and COVID-19-related duties. The samples were run on architect i2000 and evaluated for their plasma immunoglobulin G. Results. Amongst the asymptomatic blood donors, 1.9% was found to be COVID-19 IgG antibody positive. It was observed that maximum COVID-19 IgG positivity (57.1%) was seen in the age group 18–29 years followed by 26.2% in the age group 30–39 years. Donors in the age group 40–49 years showed antibody positivity of 16.7%, and no antibody-positive donors were found above 50 years of age. COVID-19 IgG positivity was maximum in replacement donors (61.9%) followed by family donors (28.6%) and least involuntary donors (0.6%) Blood donors who showed high IgG positivity were mainly of labor class. Antibody IgG testing on medical healthcare workers showed 2.3% positivity. The healthcare workers who were posted in COVID-19 duties showed 4.8% positivity in the holding area (waiting area with the treatment of patients till their RT PCR report comes) and 5.7% in other COVID-19 areas related to laboratory work. Healthcare workers doing duties in COVID-19 areas showed 2.7% positivity, while those doing duties in non-COVID-19 emergency areas showed a positivity of 2.2%. Conclusion. Our study shows that the prevalence of detectable antibodies was low in the general population in India and many patients were asymptomatic as seen in the blood donors, especially the labor class. Maximum exposure was present in young healthy males of labor class who remained asymptomatic. The healthcare workers were more exposed to COVID-19 as compared to the general population probably due to lack of precaution and awareness. Those doing non-COVID-19 duties were also exposed appreciably and needed to take all the precautions required for COVID-19 duties.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Sangeeth Pillai ◽  
Akshaya Upadhyay ◽  
Darren Sayson ◽  
Bich Hong Nguyen ◽  
Simon D. Tran

In the past decade, wearable biosensors have radically changed our outlook on contemporary medical healthcare monitoring systems. These smart, multiplexed devices allow us to quantify dynamic biological signals in real time through highly sensitive, miniaturized sensing platforms, thereby decentralizing the concept of regular clinical check-ups and diagnosis towards more versatile, remote, and personalized healthcare monitoring. This paradigm shift in healthcare delivery can be attributed to the development of nanomaterials and improvements made to non-invasive biosignal detection systems alongside integrated approaches for multifaceted data acquisition and interpretation. The discovery of new biomarkers and the use of bioaffinity recognition elements like aptamers and peptide arrays combined with the use of newly developed, flexible, and conductive materials that interact with skin surfaces has led to the widespread application of biosensors in the biomedical field. This review focuses on the recent advances made in wearable technology for remote healthcare monitoring. It classifies their development and application in terms of electrochemical, mechanical, and optical modes of transduction and type of material used and discusses the shortcomings accompanying their large-scale fabrication and commercialization. A brief note on the most widely used materials and their improvements in wearable sensor development is outlined along with instructions for the future of medical wearables.


Author(s):  
Roberto Corizzo ◽  
Yohan Dauphin ◽  
Colin Bellinger ◽  
Eftim Zdravevski ◽  
Nathalie Japkowicz

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Annis Shafika Amran ◽  
Sharifah Aida Sheikh Ibrahim ◽  
Nurul Hashimah Ahamed Hassain Malim ◽  
Nurfaten Hamzah ◽  
Putra Sumari ◽  
...  

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a neurotechnology used to measure brain activity via brain impulses. Throughout the years, EEG has contributed tremendously to data-driven research models (e.g., Generalised Linear Models, Bayesian Generative Models, and Latent Space Models) in Neuroscience Technology and Neuroinformatic. Due to versatility, portability, cost feasibility, and non-invasiveness. It contributed to various Neuroscientific data that led to advancement in medical, education, management, and even the marketing field. In the past years, the extensive uses of EEG have been inclined towards medical healthcare studies such as in disease detection and as an intervention in mental disorders, but not fully explored for uses in neuromarketing. Hence, this study construes the data acquisition technique in neuroscience studies using electroencephalogram and outlines the trend of revolution of this technique in aspects of its technology and databases by focusing on neuromarketing uses.


2021 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
R.V. Marushko ◽  
◽  
D.O. Bakhtiiarova ◽  
S.R. Klai ◽  
D.M. Zahorodniuk ◽  
...  

Continuing medical education (CME) or continuing professional development (CPD), which is currently being implemented in Ukraine, is an education throughout a professional career, which allows medical healthcare providers effectively perform their professional duties with the best results. This is achieved thanks to the coherent cooperation of accreditation bodies, providers or organizers of CPD and medical specialists, as well as by introducing an effective model of accreditation, which ensures that providers are provided medical workers with the proper education. Purpose — to describe the basic principles of educational activity within the framework of CPD, based on the provider accreditation model which is currently generally recognized and most effective in the world. Recommendations provided in the article can be used by the CME/CPD participants or stakeholders who are aimed at active participation in the implementation of a new accreditation system. Key words: continuing professional development, continuing medical education, accreditation, provider, medical specialists, education activities.


Author(s):  
Moumita Hazra

Background: The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 by anti-diabetic drugs dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors enhances hormonal activity of incretins (GLP-1, GIP, GRP), stimulates insulin release and reduces glucagon secretion, producing anti-hyperglycaemic activity among type II diabetics. The objective of this study was a global analytical molecular pharmacological study of the endocrinological rationale of anti-diabetic prescriptions appraisal attributes for metformin and sitagliptin, along with anti-diabetic tertiary medical healthcare patient satisfaction evaluation.Methods: 100 new early moderate grade type II diabetics were prescribed oral metformin 500 mg or sitagliptin 25 mg once daily for 3 months, in monotherapy, or in combination therapy, or in a mixed regimen of monotherapy and combination therapy. The patients’ endocrinological pharmacotherapeutic compliance was analysed. The number of prescriptions for metformin and sitagliptin was recorded; and prescription percentages were calculated. The completeness and molecular basis of prescription content attributes were analysed. The molecular basis of anti-diabetic pharmacotherapeutics, was analysed. The anti-diabetic tertiary medical healthcare patient satisfaction was evaluated by patient response to different attributes of anti-diabetic treatment.Results: All the patients had completed the study, with no adverse effects related drop-out, lost to follow-up or voluntarily withdrawn patients. The prescription rates of metformin was 75% (75 prescriptions), followed by sitagliptin: 25% (25 prescriptions).100% prescriptions were complete for each prescription content attribute. The molecular pharmacotherapeutic response mechanisms were significantly efficacious. All the patients were satisfied with each anti-diabetic medical healthcare attribute. Conclusions: The patient endocrinological pharmacotherapeutic compliance was significantly high. Metformin was most commonly prescribed, followed by sitagliptin. The prescription content analyses showed 100% completeness, with significant pharmacotherapeutic molecular efficacy. There was ample anti-diabetic medical healthcare satisfaction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kacprzak ◽  
Daniel Malczewski ◽  
Izabela Domitrz

Background: Many studies have confirmed headache as one of the most common COVID-19-related neurological symptoms. There are some reports concerning migraine attacks during SARS-CoV-2 infection with an unusual course of migraine attack. Our aim was to recognize and characterize accurately the features of headaches accompanying this disease. Methods: Research based on questionnaire study gathered 100 randomly chosen medical healthcare employees who experienced symptoms associated with COVID-19 disease, 96 with confirmed COVID-19 (positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR laboratory test or positive rapid COVID-19 antigen test). Conclusion: Headaches reported in the study did not fulfill criteria for migraine with/without aura, tension-type headache according to ICHD-3.


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