The Good Is Equated to the Unity. Ontological Foundations of Mathematization of the Reality in Plato’s Unwritten Doctrines in Reference to Modern Applications of Mathematics in Science

The Tübingen School spread a new interpretation of Platonism, according to which the most valuable part of the Academy’s legacy are the so-called unwritten doctrines. These doc-trines contain ontological theory of first rules of the Unity and the Dyad. The article discusses mathematical fundamentals of the doctrines in the context of modern applications of mathematical structures in the description of reality.

Searching for identity of human beings (part 1)

The problem of identity is commonly discussed at the present time. Many is trying to solve this problem. Very often, when considering of human development in terms of identity are omitted religious aspect. The main intention of the article was showing the variety of depiction topic and difficulty in resolving what actually is the human identity.

The Wisdom of the Novel in Richard Rorty’s philosophy as an example of postmodern humanism

The article presents the reconstruction of the edifying subjectivity derived from Richard Rorty’s neopragmatism. The functions of Master Novels that fit the trend of liberal education and postmodern humanism have also been described. I argue in favor of a thesis that the recognition of the Wisdom of the Novel widely spread in culture can contribute to social change. The effect of this change may consist in a decrease in the amount of social exclusion of various groups and the existence of ideological radicalisms, which may contribute to the progression of solidarity among people.

Philosophical sciences and a worldview according to Kazimierz Twardowski and Tadeusz Czeżowski

Kazimierz Twardowski and Tadeusz Czeżowski expressed convergent views on the relationship between science and worldview. Both stressed the need to have a comprehensive view of the universe and the place of the man in it, but they also claimed that such a view cannot be treated as a scientific one. Any given view of the world has only the character of a personal confession of faith and therefore should not be imposed on anyone.

Ethics of a Lecture. The Problem of the So-Called “Difficult Matters”

The article discusses the problem of moral issues related to giving academic lectures at universities. It shows the need for higher moral standards of lectures, related to spreading audio and visual means of communication and reaching a more diverse audience. The main subject for reflection consists of difficult matters, controversial problems and differences in opinions. In this context, the article presents the analysis of recommendations by the Ethics Committee at the Polish Academy of Science and the remarks resulting from contemporary literature on philosophical education. The analysis of lecture value points out how important philosophical historical experiences are in this area. It emphasizes that it is necessary to consider the meaning of cultural context in more detail while interpreting the problem (the principle of conducting lectures – the principle of parrhesia – Michel Foucault).

A Short History of Anthropic Principles

One of the most interesting ideas of the 20th century philosophy of nature are certainly the so-called “anthropic principles”. However, it is little known that the place of their original formulation was the Extraordinary Copernicus Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in 1973 in Cracow to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the birth of Nicolaus Copernicus. This article focuses not only on the speech given by Brandon Carter at that time, to define the anthropic principles in their weak and strong version, but also shows earlier philosophical theories, which indirectly led to the formulation of the idea. Then we have shown some of the developmental lines of the antropic principles, with particular emphasis on the analyzes of the theologian and philosopher, father Michał Heller.

Father Augustyn Jakubisiak – “indigenous Polish thinker” (?)

The aim of the article is to answer the question about the Polishness of the philosophy of Father Augustyn Jakubisiak, as well as to indicate possible elements and features of such a way of philosophizing. In order to achieve this goal, more important biographical data of Jakubisiak were presented, and his important intellectual and personal relations were pointed out. Important historical events that had an impact on Jakubisiak's overall thoughts were also presented. The main part of the paper is a discussion of the most important assumptions and statements of the philosophy of the Polish priest, as well as an attempt to assess his contacts with his homeland and Polish philosophy. Taking into account Jakubisiak's interests (August Cieszkowski, Józef Hoene-Wroński, the history of Polish philosophical thought), as well as certain permanent ideas appearing in the history of Polish philosophical, theological and social thought, one should consider that Jakubisiak's thought is indigenously Polish, provided that Christian individualism is considered to be specifically Polish.

The matter of the value of life in the formulation of Transhumanism. Transhumanism as an heir to eugenics?

The intention of this article is the comparison of two ideologies: eugenics and transhumanism. The authors want to prove that transhumanism, despite the rejection of radical ideas from the beginning of the XX century, has roots that reach to the ideology of eugenics. However, the new ideology, even though is not exactly the same as eugenics, holds similar ideas regarding biological improvement and liquidation of people, who are recognised as useless. In the article, the authors attempt to prove that for many of the eugenics, events from the Second World War didn't change their attitude towards the so called “science”. They decided that it wasn’t the conception that was wrong, but the way it was implemented, therefore creating new PR for the old ideology. At the same time, they were trying to prove that humanity always wanted to exceed its own biological limitations without paying any regard to the costs.

Logical independence, its algebraic generalization and applications

We present a short history of the notion of logical independence, its counterpart and gen-eralization in universal algebra, and their applications in different areas.