Examining Inter-disciplinary Commonalities in the Referents of I, We and You in Classroom Lecturer Talk

Studies have sought to establish the ‘territory of reference’ or ‘patterns of referentialities’ of I, we and you (tri-PP) in academic lectures across disciplinary supercommunities (DSs): Humanities, Social Sciences and Natural Sciences. These studies are largely from L1 context, and also report on only referents common to the three DSs, without giving attention to those at the interface of two DSs. This study, therefore, is the first attempt to examine the referents of the tri-PP at the interface of two DSs in academic lectures, using a corpus from the L2 context. A corpus of over one hundred thousand words was built for the study, and AntConc was used to search for the occurrences of the tri-PP. Drawing on the contexts and co-texts, the authors determined the referents of the tri-PP. It was found that across the tri-PP, some referents were shared by two DSs. The findings further deepen understanding of the ‘pointing’ role of personal pronouns in classroom lecturer talk and “degree of cross-disciplinary diversity…” Keywords: academic lectures, discourse referent, disciplinary variation, personal pronouns

The use of questions posed by professors in English and Montenegrin academic lectures

Although questions are considered as important linguistic devices employed by lecturers to communicate facts and ideas to students and facilitate the learning process, they have not been a topic of extensive research. With that in mind, this paper explores the types and functions of questions asked by British and Montenegrin lecturers. It examines similarities and differences between two corpora – standard British academic corpora and a specially created corpus of Montenegrin lectures. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used to conduct a contrastive analysis of lecturers’ questions. The results demonstrate that the differences in frequency, forms and functions of questions prevail over the similarities, which could be the impact of two different linguistic backgrounds and national academic cultures. The findings of this study could be useful in designing lecture-listening and note-taking courses for students in which they can get familiar with the forms and purpose of questions posed by professors. Research findings could be applied in training courses for novice lecturers and might also be useful to professors who give lectures to students with diverse linguistic backgrounds.

Pod save you: assisting the transition to audio-based asynchronous learning

Background: In 2017, an academic health sciences library in Utah developed a multimedia studio for students, faculty, and academic staff. Educational projects needing video, audio, and lecture capture could utilize a one-button studio for recording video sessions, microphones for audio, and various screen capture software for lectures. Since the pandemic, this service has seen rapid growth due to academic lectures going exclusively online. In response, the library launched a dedicated podcasting suite to accommodate the increase in students and faculty needing to record lectures or podcasts for others in the medical profession.Description: This article will outline the process of creating the podcasting suite and provide equipment rosters and methods other libraries may consider for establishing their own studio. Administrating duties of the studio will also be included, such as handling reservations and user assessment. An instructional guide for users is also included to assist patrons in accomplishing their podcast creations. Conclusion: Podcasts created in the space range from topics about teaching strategies in medicine to diagnoses and treatments of skin disorders. A podcasting suite is another way libraries can provide valuable services for asynchronous learning and student projects. Students, staff, and faculty have appreciated the ease of the service and the support behind it. A feedback loop was developed to further improve the space to meet the needs of users.

Interactive teaching environment for diagnostic radiography with real-time X-ray simulation and patient positioning

Purpose Traditional undergraduate radiographer training mixes academic lectures and clinical practice. Our goal is to bridge the current disconnection between theory and practice in a safe environment, avoiding the risk of radiation for both practitioners and patients. To this end, this research proposes a new software to teach diagnostic radiography using real-time interactive X-ray simulation and patient positioning. Methods The proposed medical simulator is composed of three main modules. A fast and accurate character animation technique is in charge of simulating the patient positioning phase and adapts their internal anatomy accordingly. gVirtualXRay is an open-source X-ray simulation library and generates the corresponding radiographs in real time. Finally, the courseware allows going through all the diagnostic radiology steps from the patient positioning and the machine configuration to the final image enhancing. Results A face and content validation study has been conducted; 18 radiology professionals were recruited to evaluate our software using a questionnaire. The results show that our tool is realistic in many ways (72% of the participants agreed that the simulations are visually realistic), useful (67%) and suitable (78%) for teaching X-ray radiography. Conclusions The proposed tool allows simulating the most relevant steps of the projectional radiography procedure. The virtual patient posing system and X-ray simulation module execute at interactive rates. These features enable the lectures to show their students the results of good and bad practices in a classroom environment, avoiding radiation risk.

“Bear in mind that”: Enhancing lecture comprehension through signaling importance markers

The present study attempts to propose a taxonomy for the discourse functions of importance markers in English academic lectures and examine their effects on ESL learners’ comprehension of important points in lectures. To this end, a corpus of 160 lecture transcripts from the BASE corpus was analyzed to identify and classify the main functions of words and expressions that mark importance in them. It was found that importance is indicated by the following lecture-specific devices and attributes: 1) student involvements, 2) topic announcers, 3) exam-related markers, 4) discourse clarifiers, 5) hedging markers, and 6) message promoters. A total of 62 Malaysian ESL students (38 females and 24 males) participated in this study and were divided into an experimental group and a control group, both of them of the same size. Through 12 forty-minute sessions of explicit instruction, the participants in the experimental group were instructed the discourse functions of importance markers in university lectures, whereas those in the control group did not receive such instruction. The result of the posttest of comprehension of important points indicated that familiarity with how importance is marked in lectures can boost ESL students’ understanding of main topics. The findings suggest that both novice lecturers and ESL/EFL students may profit from instruction as to how importance is indicated by native speaker lecturers through several lecture-specific discourse functions.

INCIDENTAL LEARNING OF SINGLE WORDS AND COLLOCATIONS THROUGH VIEWING AN ACADEMIC LECTURE

Academic lectures are potential sources of vocabulary learning for second language learners studying at universities where English is the medium of instruction, as well as those in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs. Topic-related vocabulary is likely to occur frequently in academic texts, and academic speech consists of a reasonable proportion of frequently occurring sequences of words. Yet no intervention studies have explored the potential for learning single words and collocations through viewing a video of an unmodified academic lecture. To address this gap, this study collected data from 55 EAP learners in China, following a pretest-posttest design. The experimental group (n = 28) watched a video of an academic lecture in which 50 target single words and 19 target collocations were presented while the control group (n = 27) received no treatment. Results show that viewing the lecture led to significant learning gains of single words at the meaning recall level and collocations at the form recognition level. Frequency of occurrence in the lecture appeared to significantly contribute to the learning of single words but not the learning of collocations. Prior knowledge of general vocabulary appeared to make no significant contribution to the learning of single words and collocations.

Combining Multimodal Techniques to Approach the Study of Academic Lectures: A Methodological Reflection

This article offers a methodological reflection on the use of multimodal techniques for the study of academic lectures. Three distinct multimodal approaches have been put forward to explore the use of language holistically, namely, multimodal social semiotics (MSS), multimodal discourse analysis (MDA) and multimodal interaction analysis (MIA). These approaches differ in their main focus—the social context, the system of semiotic resources available to the speakers and the social actors, respectively—and the tools they provide to conduct multimodal analyses. To exemplify how analyses may be conducted within each of the paradigms in the context of academic lectures in English, I examine an excerpt extracted from an African-American history lecture from Yale University by a native English speaker in which he organizes his discourse in between content sections. Through the use of short multimodal transcriptions, I discuss how MSS can be used for reflections on the social contexts of academic lectures, MDA describes the use of semiotic resources employed by the lecturers, and MIA can be used to look into how lecturers structure their speech into sequences of actions. Ultimately, I suggest a combination of multimodal methodologies to obtain a broader account of the intricacies of discourse in academic settings.

West Midlands general adult psychiatry higher trainees’ peer group wellbeing away day

AimsThe main aim of the wellbeing day was to increase the sense of wellbeing amongst psychiatry higher trainees in the West Midlands. We first wanted to understand the wellbeing needs of the trainees and what they hoped to get out of an away day. We wanted then to evaluate whether the away day had met these needs.BackgroundThe Psychiatry Trainees Committee (PTC) published a report ‘Supported and Valued? A trainee led review into morale and training within psychiatry’ in 2017. The importance of feeling valued and supported and the value trainees place upon the support of their peers, were highlighted in this report.As higher trainees we are often geographically isolated from each other, and whilst the peer group meet once per month, this is mostly for academic lectures resulting in poor familiarity amongst trainees which can leave trainees feeling unknown and unsupported.MethodWe decided to apply to HEE for funding for an away day. We surveyed the peer group, asking what they most wanted to get out of an away day. The results showed that ‘a morale boost’, ‘destress/relaxation’ and ‘opportunity to get to know other trainees’ were the trainee's priorities, followed by improving leadership, team working and negotiation skills.With these priorities in mind, an away day programme was developed which included a talk from Dr Mike Blaber, a palliative care doctor with a special interest in doctors’ wellbeing, a ‘getting to know you’ art activity and a team building GPS treasure hunt funded by HEE. The day finished with a dinner in a local restaurant sponsored by Recordati. The rest of the day was paid for by the peer group.Result28 higher trainees attended the away day which was held in Birmingham on 11/07/2019. Trainees gave feedback on the day using an online anonymous survey. 81% of attendees said the away day decreased their stress levels. 90% said that the day had increased their sense of wellbeing. 86% felt an increased sense of belonging and less isolated as a trainee.ConclusionRegular trainee away days may help tackle isolation and increase morale which is linked to better patient outcomes. Improving trainees’ sense of wellbeing leads to better job satisfaction, which may ultimately lead to higher rates of retention within psychiatry.