Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Novel Method of Multidrug-Resistant Infections Treatment in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients

This short communication accompanies our presentation at the 43rd Annual meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation held in Marseille, France, 26-29 March 2017. Also it briefly summaries some recent advances in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for treatment of infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. AlloHSCT is an effective method of treatment for some hematological, malignant and hereditary conditions in adults and children. However, allo-HSCT is also associated with several potentially life-threatening complications. Among the most common causes for transplantassociated mortality are antibiotic-resistant bloodstream infections and immune complications, such as acute and chronic graft-versushost disease (GvHD). In most cases, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is primarily damaged post-HSCT due to enhanced inflammation, GvHD, and intestinal infections causing serious diarrhea, in particular pseudomembranous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile, which often develops in patients receiving massive antibiotic therapy. Normal intestinal microbiota elimination is itself an important risk factor for sepsis, GIT GvHD, pseudo-membranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea post-HSCT. FMT from healthy donors allows restoring the physiological variability and functional activity of intestinal microbiota leading to pathogens eradication in patients with GIT infections.

Heart Lesion Repair by Fetal Heart Implantation and Chitosan Flap in Rats

Background: Injured myocardium reengineering by stem cell culture in-vitro implanted on the injured heart gives promising but controversial results. We explored the possibility to shunt the in-vitro procedure and to implant directly fetal heart, i.e., precursor cells, on the surface of a heart apex lesion in rats.

The Indications and Outcomes of Ileostomy Following Pancreas Transplantation

Background: Pancreas transplantation is associated with high incidence of intra-abdominal sepsis and reoperations. There is little data on the incidence and need for an ileostomy post pancreas transplantation. However, it is noted anecdotally that this is not uncommon occurrence post enteric drained pancreas transplantation.