Phytosociological analysis of Gladiolus palustris sites in northwestern, western and southwestern Slovenia / Fitocenološka oznaka rastišč vrste Gladiolus palustris v severozahodni, zahodni in jugozahodni Sloveniji

With a phytosociological analysis of more than 200 relevés on more than 25 localities with Gladiolus palustrisand (or) G. illyricusin western and southwestern Slovenia we identified more than 15 communities of association rank that belong to at least eight vegetation alliances and five classes. We determined that these two species can grow on the same localities and sites, but Gladiolus palustrisflowers at least 14 days after G. illyricus. Another reliable distinguishing characteristic is the fibrous tunic covering the corm. Gladiolus palustris is threatened in most of the examined localities, except for the Banjšice Plateau and the Slavnik range in Čičarija, but the current nature conservation policy in Slovenia does not provide for its preservation. Key words: Gladiolus palustris, G. illyricus, phytosociology, syntaxonomy, Natura 2000, nature conservation, Slovenia Izvleček S fitocenološko analizo več kot 200 popisov na več kot 25 nahajališčih v zahodni in jugozahodni Sloveniji, na katerih uspevata vrsti Gladiolus palustrisin (ali) G. illyricus, smo prepoznali več kot 15 združb na rangu asociacije, ki pripadajo vsaj osmim vegetacijskim zvezam in petim razredom. Ugotovili smo, da obe podobni vrsti lahko uspevata na skupnih nahajališčih in rastiščih, toda vrsta Gladiolus palustriscveti vsaj 14 dni kasneje kot vrsta Gladiolus illyricus. Zanesljiv znak za njuno razlikovanje so vlakna, ki obdajajo njun gomolj. Na večini preučenih nahajališč je močvirski meček ogrožen in mu zdajšnja naravovarstvena politika v Sloveniji ne zagotavlja ohranitve, izjema sta planoti Banjšice in pogorje Slavnika v Čičariji. Ključne besede: Gladiolus palustris, G. illyricus, fitocenologija, sintaksonomija, Natura 2000, varstvo narave, Slovenija

Localities and sites of the neglected umbellifer Physospermum verticillatum (Apiaceae) on Mt. Slavnik in southwestern Slovenia / Nahajališča in rastišča prezrte kobulnice Physospermum verticillatum (Apiaceae) na Slavniku v jugozahodni Sloveniji

On the shady (northern) slopes of Mt. Slavnik (Slavnik mountains, Čičarija, SW Slovenia) we identified Physospermum verticillatum (Apiaceae), a species whose northernmost known sites in its entire distribution area had until then been in the Croatian part of Čičarija near the border with Slovenia (Žbevnica near Dane). It occurs mainly in beech stands from the association Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum, frequently in smaller gaps, on forest edges and road banks, where it occurs in fringe communities (Calamintho grandiflorae-Physospermetum verticillatinom. prov.), at elevations spanning 800 m to 1000 m. The plants are vital, most of them develop flowers and fruit. Although it is justified to assume that it may occur elsewhere in the Slovenian part of Čičarija, we propose it be classified in the Red List as rare. Key words: flora, Physospermum verticillatum, vegetation, Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum, Čičarija, Istria, Slovenia Izvleček Na osojnih (severnih) pobočjih Slavnika (Slavniško hribovje, Čičarija, jugozahodna Slovenija) smo našli vrsto Physospermum verticillatum(Apiaceae), ki je do zdaj imela najbolj severna znana nahajališča v svojem celotnem arealu v hrvaškem delu Čičarije blizu meje s Slovenijo (Žbevnica pri Danah). Raste predvsem v bukovih sestojih iz asociacije Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum, pogosto v manjših vrzelih, tudi na gozdnem robu in cestni brežini, tam v robnih združbah (Calamintho grandiflorae-Physospermetum verticillatinom. prov.), na nadmorski višini od 800 m do 1000 m. Rastline so vitalne, večinoma cvetijo in plodijo. Kljub temu in upravičeni domnevi, da v slovenskem delu Čičarije lahko raste tudi drugod, jo predlagamo kot redko za uvrstitev na rdeči seznam. Ključne besede: flora, Physospermum verticillatum, vegetacija, Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum, Čičarija, Istra, Slovenija

New localities of Adiantum capillus-veneris and Moehringia villosa in the southern Julian Alps / Nova nahajališča vrst Adiantum capillus-veneris in Moehringia villosa v južnih Julijskih Alpah

The article describes new localities of two rare species of conservationimportance of Slovenian flora in the southern Julian Alps (the Tolmin-Bohinj and Krn Mts.). The stands of the Mediterranean species Adiantum capillus-venerisin Kneška Grapa gorge under Mt. Masovnik (Kneške Ravne) at elevations 570–600 m are assigned to the new variant Eucladio-Adiantetum hymenostylietosum recurvirostrivar. Astrantia carniolica. Moehringia villosa,an endemic species of European conservation importance, has its northwesternmost locality in its entire distribution range at Curk waterfall in the spring area of the Kozjak under Mt. Krnčica, where it occurs in the stands of the variant Campanulo carnicae-Moehringietum villosaevar. Paederota lutea. Key words: flora, vegetation, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Moehringia villosa, Natura 2000, Triglav National park, Slovenia Izvleček Opisujemo nova nahajališča dveh redkih in varstveno pomembnih vrst slovenske flore v južnih Julijskih Alpah (Tolminsko-Bohinjsko in Krnsko pogorje). Sestoje mediteranske vrste Adiantum capillus-venerisv Kneški grapi pod Masovnikom (Kneške Ravne) na nadmorski višini približno 570–600 m uvrščamo v novo varianto Eucladio-Adiantetum hymenostylietosum recurvirostrivar. Astrantia carniolica. Endemit in evropsko varstveno pomembna vrsta Moehringia villosaima pri slapu Curk v povirju Kozjaka pod Krnčico, kjer uspeva v sestojih variante Campanulo carnicae-Moehringietum villosaevar. Paederota luteado zdaj najbolj severozahodno nahajališče v celotnem območju razširjenosti. Ključne besede: flora, vegetacija, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Moehringia villosa, Natura 2000, Triglavski narodni park, Slovenija

Botanical curiosities of Prodarjeva Grapa gorge in the upper Bača Valley (western Slovenia) / Botanične posebnosti Prodarjeve grape v zgornji Baški dolini (zahodna Slovenija)

We researched the vegetation of the protected lower part of the Prodarjeva Grapa gorge in the foothills of Mt. Porezen in the upper Bača Valley. Its botanical curiosities are the localities of protected or rare species Moehringia villosa, Pri­mula auricula,Pinguicula vulgarisand Carex frigida. All four occur (but are not limited to) on the rocky and gra­velly shady area in the lower part of the gorge with a distinctly cold local climate. The relief, climate and parent material (platy limestone with admixture of marlstone and chert) are the decisive factors that allow for the occurrence of the previously unknown community of wet spring areas, which we classify into the new association Pinguiculo vul­garis-Cari­cetum frigidae, alliance Cratoneurion commutatiand class Montio-Cardaminetea, in this area. It is syndynamically connected with surrounding communities of wet screes and rock crevices. Screes under the rock wall are partly overgrown with a community of Molinia arundinaceaand Adeno­styles glabra (Adenostylo glabrae-Molinietum arundinaceanom. prov.), on the fringes in places also with an open low-growth hop-hornbeam and manna ash forest (Palustriello commutati-Ostryetum carpinifoliaenom. prov.). Key words: vegetation, synsystematics, Carex frigida, Moehringia villosa, Pinguicula vulgaris, Primula auricula,Bača Valley, Porezen, Natura 2000 Izvleček Raziskali smo rastje spodnjega, zavarovanega dela Prodarjeve grape v prigorju Porezna v zgornji Baški dolini. Njene botanične posebnosti so nahajališča zavarovanih ali redkih vrst: Moehringia villosa, Primula auricula,Pinguicula vulgarisin Carex frigida. Vse štiri med drugim rastejo v skalnatem in gruščnatem osojnem območju v spodnjem delu grape z izrazito hladnim krajevnim podnebjem. Relief, podnebje in geološka podlaga (ploščasti apnenec s primesjo laporovca in roženca) so odločilni dejavniki za tukajšnje uspevanje do zdaj nepoznane rastlinske združbe vlažnih povirij, ki jo uvrščamo v novo asociacijo Pinguiculo vulgaris-Caricetum frigidae,v zvezo Cratoneurion commutatiin v razred Montio-Cardaminetea. Sindinamsko je povezana z okoliškimi združbami vlažnih melišč in skalnih razpok, pri čemer se melišča pod steno deloma zaraščajo z združbo trstikaste stožke – Adenostylo glabrae-Molinietum arundinaceanom. prov., na robovih tudi z vrzelastim nizkim gozdom črnega gabra in malega jesena – Palustriello commutati-Ostryetum carpinifoliaenom. prov. Ključne besede: vegetacija, sinsistematika, Carex frigida, Moehringia villosa, Pinguicula vulgaris, Primula auricula, Baška dolina, Porezen, Natura 2000

Ob stoletnici rojstva akademika Ernesta Mayerja

V preteklem letu je minilo sto let od rojstva akademika prof. dr. Ernesta Mayerja (10.11.1920) (slika 1), visoko cenjenega botanika, uveljavljenega v tujini in še posebej doma, ki je zapustil poseben (...)

Vegetation and flora of the river-basin of the Gačnik stream (Vojsko, Spodnja Trebuša) – a contribution for its nature protection evaluation / Rastje in rastlinstvo povodja Gačnika na Vojskem in v Trebuši – prispevek za njegovo naravovarstveno vrednotenje

We have summarized results of our research of vegetation and flora in the river-basin of the Gačnik (Vojsko, Dolenja Trebuša) in western Slovenia. We enumerate most frequent and characteristic plant communities, which belong to seven habitat types of European conservation importance. In their stands grow two Natura 2000 species (Primula carniolica, Cypripedium calceolus) and almost 60 vascular plant species, which are protected and (or) on the red list. Among communities and plants are the most threatened fens and moist grasslands and their characteristic species: Drosera rotundifolia, Dactylorhiza lapponicasubsp. rhaetica, D. traunsteineri, Eleocharis quinqueflora,Eriophorum angustifolium, E. latifolium, Pinguicula vulgaris and Trichophorum alpinum. Key words: vegetation, flora, wetlands, fens, Natura 2000, Slovenia Izvleček V članku smo povzeli rezultate naših raziskav rastja in rastlinstva v povodja Gačnika na Vojskem in v Trebuši v zahodni Sloveniji. Naštevamo najbolj pogoste in najbolj značilne rastlinske združbe, zavarovane in redke rastline in naravovarstveno vredne habitatne tipe. Slednjih je vsaj sedem. V njihovih združbah uspevata dve Natura 2000 vrsti (Primula carniolica, Cypripedium calceolus) in skoraj 60 zavarovanih in (ali) redkih cevnic (rdeči seznam). Med združbami so najbolj ogrožena mokrišča (nizka barja in mokrotni travniki) in njihove značilne vrste: Drosera rotundifolia, Dactylorhiza lapponicasubsp. rhaetica, D. traunsteineri, Eleocharis quin­queflora,Eriophorum angustifolium, E. latifolium, Pinguicula vulgaris in Trichophorum alpinum. Ključne besede: vegetacija, flora, mokrišča, nizka barja, Natura 2000, Slovenija

Thlaspi sylvestre Jord. (= T. caerulescens J. & C. Presl), update on the localities and sites of a rare species in the flora of Slovenia / Thlaspi sylvestre Jord. (= T. caerulescens J. & C. Presl), dopolnjena vednost o razširjenosti in rastiščih redke ...

In the Čepovan Valley (Čepovan, hamlet Šulgi), on the northwestern rim of the Banjšice Plateau in the villages of Grudnica (in the Tolmin municipality) and near Sveto to the south of the plateau, we found new localities of Thlaspi sylvestre (T. caerulescens), which complement the existing data on the distribution of this species in Slovenia (Srednji Lokovec, Vrata), and surveyed its sites. Thlaspi sylvestre grows on meadows and pastures in the vicinity of human settlements, in hedges, on road banks, on the forest edge and in an open pioneer forest. Its most common companions are Galium mollugo agg. (G. album), Cruciata glabra, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia and Veronica chamaedrys. Thlaspi sylvestre most frequently occurs in the communities from the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. Our findings confirm Tone Wraber’s assumption that it is not indigenous to Slovenia, and was introduced to the Banjšice Plateau as well as to Grudnica and the Čepovan Valley with human assistance (military transport during World War I). Key words: phytogeography, phytosociology, Thlaspi caerulescens, florula castrensis, Čepovan Valley, Grudnica, Banjšice, Slovenia Izvleček V Čepovanski dolini (Čepovan, zaselek Šulgi), na severovzhodnem robu Banjške planote v vasi Grudnica (občina Tolmin) in pri vasi Sveto v južnem delu te planote smo našli nova nahajališča vrste Thlaspi sylvestre (T. caerules­cens), ki dopolnjujejo njeno do zdaj znano razširjenost v Sloveniji (Srednji Lokovec, Vrata), in popisali njena rastišča. Raste na travnikih in pašnikih v okolici človeških bivališč, v mejicah, na cestnih brežinah, na gozdnem robu in v svetlem pionirskem gozdu. Njene najbolj pogoste spremljevalke so vrste Galium mollugo agg. (G. album), Cruciata glabra, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia in Veronica chamaedrys. Najpogosteje raste v združbah iz razreda Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. Potrjujemo domnevo Toneta Wraberja, da ta vrsta v Sloveniji ni samonikla in da se je na Banjšice in tudi v Grudnico in Čepovansko dolino priselila s človekovo pomočjo (vojaškimi transporti med prvo svetovno vojno). Ključne besede: fitogeografija, fitocenologija, Thlaspi caerulescens, florula castrensis, Čepovanska dolina, Grudnica, Banjšice, Slovenija

Rutin and quercetin in common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat flour / Rutin in kvercetin v moki iz navadne in tatarske ajde

Samples of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertn.) were used in milling, sieving and analysing experiments. Rutin and quercetin were analysed in buckwheat samples, in milling and sieving fractions and after the contact of flour particles with water, to simulate conditions in dough. The concentration of rutin in Tartary buckwheat was 1.17–1.75% in dry matter, while it was only 0.003% in dry matter of common buckwheat. Thus it is in Tartary buckwheat in this case 400 times more rutin in comparison to common buckwheat. In buckwheat dough with the time after mixing flour and water, the concentration of rutin diminished, the time needed was different in common and Tartary buckwheat dough, and quercetin appeared instead. Immediately after the direct contact of flour particles of common and Tartary buckwheat with water the rutin concentration changed from 11.7 to 0.79 mg/100 g dry matter (DM), and quercetin appeared (5.7 mg/100 g DM), in comparison in initial flour the concentration of quercetin was only 0.6 mg/100 g DM. In common buckwheat dough the apparent concentration of rutin changed from initial 0.0258 mg/g to 0.0263 mg/g DM, and after one hour after the beginning of contact of flour with water rutin concentration changed to only 0.0005 mg/g DM). Keywords: common buckwheat, Tartary buckwheat, flavonoids, rutin, quercetin, milling, dough Izvleček Raziskovali smo vzorce navadne ajde (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) in tatarske ajde (F. tataricum Gaertn.). Vzorce smo mleli, presejavali, pripravljali testo (mešanica moke in vode) ter izmerili vsebnost rutina in kvercetina. Tatarska ajda ima bistveno višjo vsebnost rutina kot navadna ajda. Vsebnost rutina v raziskovani tatarski ajdi je 1,17–1,75 % v suhi snovi (SS), v navadni ajdi ´siva´ pa le 0,003 %. V tatarski ajdovi moki smo izmerili okoli 400x več rutina kot v navadni ajdovi moki. Pri neposrednem stiku ajdove moke z vodo težko najdemo vzporednice med tatarsko ajdo in navadno ajdo in dogajanji v povezavi z rutinom v testu. Koncentracija rutina v testu se po določenem času (različen čas pri navadni in tatarski ajdi – 5 minut do 2 uri) močno zniža, pojavi se kvercetin. Pri neposrednem stiku moke z vodo se vsebnost rutina v tatarski ajdovi moki močno zniža že po prvih 5 minutah delovanja (z 11,7 na 0,79 mg/100 g SS), pojavi pa se kvercetin (5,7 mg/100 g SS), v vzorcu moke ga je le 0,6 mg/100 g SS. Pri neposrednem stiku moke iz navadne ajde z vodo vsebnost rutina v moki (vzorec S) naraste v prvi uri z začetnih 0,0258 mg/g na 0,0263 mg/g SS (v začetnem času nekoliko manj enakomerno), v drugi uri stika moke in vode pa koncentracija rutina močno pade (na 0,0005 mg/g SS). Ključne besede: navadna ajda, tatarska ajda, flavonoidi, rutin, kvercetin, mletje, testo

Syntaxonomic problem of Illyrian (Dinaric) fir-beech ­forests (Abieti-Fagetum dinaricum (illyricum) s. lat.) / Sintaksonomski problem ilirskih (dinarskih) jelovo-­bukovih gozdov (Abieti-Fagetum dinaricum (illyricum) s. lat.)

For the analysis of the syntaxonomic problem of Illyrian fir-beech forests (Abieti-Fagetum dinaricum (illyricum) s. lat.), we selected the most important authors or researchers of these forests in the Dinaric mountains of the Central Balkan Peninsula and Slovenia. These authors are Blečić, Fukarek, Glavač, I. Horvat, Pelcer, Puncer, Stefanović and Tregubov. The analysis revealed floristic and ecological similarities and differences of Illyrian fir-beech forests. They can be classified into a single association Rhamno fallaci-Fagetum. Key words: Abieti-Fagetum s. lat. = Rhamno fallaci-Fagetum nom. nov., phytocoenology, Dinaric mountains, Balkan peninsular, Slovenia. Izvleček Za analizo sintaksonomskega problema ilirskih jelovo-bukovih gozdov (Abieti-Fagetum dinaricum (Ilyricum) s. lat.) smo izbrali najpomembnejše avtorje oz. raziskovalce teh gozdov v dinarskem gorstvu osrednjega Balkanskega polotoka in Slovenije. Ti avtorji so Blečić, Fukarek, Glavač, I. Horvat, Pelcer, Puncer, Stefanović in Tregubov. Analiza je pokazala floristične in ekološke podobnosti in različnosti ilirskih jelovo-bukovih gozdov. Mogoče jih je uvrstiti v enotno združbo Rhamno fallaci-Fagetum. Ključne besede: Abieti-Fagetum s. lat. = Rhamno fallaci-Fagetum nom. nov., fitocenologija, Dinaridi, Balkanski polotok, Slovenija

Phytosociological analysis of Castanea sativa woods in Slovenian Istria / Fitocenološka analiza gozdnih sestojev evropskega pravega kostanja (Castanea sativa) v Slovenski Istri

In Slovenian Istria we conducted a phytosociological analysis of forest stands with dominating Castanea sativa in the tree layer. These forest stands are situated in the vicinity of the village of Puče (between Šmarje and Koštabona) in the Drnica river basin, in the catchment area of the creek Malinska (between Gradin and Abitanti, near the village of Stara Mandrija) and in the catchment area of the creek Pregon (south of Pregara at the villages of Reparec and Tuniši). Based on the comparison with similar sweet chestnut woods in Croatia and Bosnia they were classified into the association Helleboro istriaci-Castaneetum sativae Medak 2009 and two new subassociations: -ornithogaletosum pyrenaici and -ruscetosum aculeati. According to our findings, the studied stands are secondary, pioneer or degradation stages, probably on former beech or oak sites from associations Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Fagetum, Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum and Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum petraeae. However, because Castanea sativa regenerates in these stands and persists there for generations, these stands could also be treated as a special habitat and/or forest site type, but this is an assessment best left to the competent experts. Key words: phytosociology, synsystematics, Helleboro istriaci-Castaneetum sativae, Carpinion orientalis, Istria, Slovenia Izvleček Fitocenološko smo analizirali gozdne sestoje v Slovenski Istri, v katerih v drevesni plasti prevladuje pravi kostanj (Castanea sativa). Našli smo jih v okolici vasi Puče (med Šmarjami in Koštabono) v porečju Drnice, v povodjih potoka Malinska (med Gradinom in Abitanti, blizu vasi Stara Mandrija) in v povodju potoka Pregon (južno od Pregare pri vaseh Reparec in Tuniši). Na podlagi primerjave s podobnimi kostanjevimi gozdovi na Hrvaškem in v Bosni smo jih uvrstili v asociacijo Helleboro istriaci-Castaneetum sativae Medak 2009 in v dve novi subasociaciji: -ornithogaletosum pyrenaici in -ruscetosum aculeati. Po naših spoznanjih so preučeni sestoji drugotni, pionirski ali degradacijski stadiji na nekoč najbrž bukovih ali hrastovih rastiščih iz asociacij Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Fagetum, Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum in Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum petraeae. Ker pa se pravi kostanj v njih pomlajuje in ohranja več generacij, jih je mogoče vrednotiti tudi kot poseben habitatni in/ali gozdni rastiščni tip, a presojo o tem prepuščamo pristojnim strokovnjakom. Ključne besede: fitocenologija, sinsistematika, Helleboro istriaci-Castaneetum sativae, Carpinion orientalis, Istra, Slovenija