Evaluation of Waste Management System at Temporary Waste Dump Site (TPS) in Urban Area of Yogyakarta

Waste has been a serious problem in all areas of Indonesia, including in urban areas of Yogyakarta (KPY). As one of the existing problems, the temporary waste dump site (TPS) requires an integrated waste management system. The objective of this research is to evaluate the condition and effectiveness of TPS in urban areas of Yogyakarta. This research uses the qualitative method, by solving the problem through the description of the object state at the time the data is taken based on the apparent facts. The main data has been obtained through the interview and field observation process, while secondary data has been obtained from documents from several institutions and other scientific references. Results of the study reveal that there are 212 units of temporary waste dump sites (TPS) in urban areas of Yogyakarta, consist of; 143 of permanent TPS, 51 containers, and 18 depots. The majority of them are located in Municipality of Yogyakarta and the fewest number are located in Bantul Region. In general, the temporary waste dumpsites in urban areas of Yogyakarta are in good condition. There’s only few of them in relatively poor condition, due to the portion of waste that is not well accommodated in the TPS. Another problem is the inappropriate design of TPS, especially for containers. Consequently, the waste cannot be adequately transferred from waste vehicle to TPS. In addition, we found a new paradigm of integrated temporary waste dumpsite (TPST) operated by Non-Government Organizations, but they need adequate facilities and evaluation of the design. Including, the sustainable support from multi stakeholders, and also the plan arrangement of development to improve organizational capacity, business, and partnership in the management of the integrated temporary waste dumpsite for optimal public service.

Application of Portable Gasification Stove in Supporting Disaster Response

<p><em>The application of micro-gasification stove technology for outdoor and disaster response activities is one of the renewal efforts in the utilization of biomass waste to energy. This study uses a portable micro-gasification stove type of natural draft which consists of three important compartments, namely the equalizer chamber, reactor chamber, and chimney. The unique ventilation of the reactor and chimney in this furnace will form a vertically spiraled air flow. This air flow will help complete combustion throughout the reactor chamber and accelerate the process of heating and gasification. Empirical test on this stove has been done by using a naturally dried twig and some kind of processed biomass (briquette/pellets). The peak temperature of the fire was not much different, ranging from 700 °C to 900 °C. With a total mass about 250 grams for each fuel (dry twigs, wood powder briquettes, and paper waste pellets), the duration of the flame occurs between 15 to 30 minutes depending on the fuel variant. In this experiment, the resulting fire was able to boil water with a volume of 500 ml in less than 7 minutes. While the remaining combustion, the live coals in the reactor is still able to warm water with the same volume from room temperature, about 28 °C to 80°C without any addition of fuel. Considering the performance and ease of procurement, storage, and distribution of fuel, the portable micro gasification stove is feasible to serve as a tool for disaster response support.</em></p>

Influence of Heating Rate and Temperature on the Yield and Properties of Pyrolysis Oil Obtained from Waste Plastic Bag

The objective of the research was to investigate the influence of heating rate and temperature in the reactor on the yield and properties of pyrolysis oil obtained from waste plastic bag, that is considered as low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The experiments were performed in fixed bed reactor equipped with a steam atomizing burner, a temperature controller, and a condenser. Approximately, the amount of ten kilograms of waste plastic bag loaded into the reactor chamber and then pyrolyzed using the temperature between 250 and 450°C and heating rates of 5 to 15°C/min. The results showed that as the oil yield decreased, the heating rate increased. Alternatively, the oil yield increased with temperature and the wax content decreases as the temperature increases. The highest quantity of pyrolysis oil was produced from waste plasctic bag is 45%, in the temperature 450^oC and the heating rate 15°C/min, with wax content of 25%, solid char of 12 % and non-condensable gas of 41%. The physical properties of oil were evaluated and compared to those of diesel oil. The analysis results showed that the oil product’s properties from pyrolysis of the waste plastic bag in temperature 450⁰C, were relatively closer to those of diesel oil with caloric value 11,043 kcal/kg, specific gravity of 0.812, kinematic viscosity 2.80 mm²/s, and flash point of 27^oC.

The Influence of Particle Size and Fuel Consumption Rate on Oil Characteristics from Pyrolysis of Aluminum Foil Coated Polyethylene (Al-PE) Waste

<em>The collection of oil and aluminum is an effort made in order to utilize waste from Aluminum Foil Coated Polyethylene (Al-PE). Meanwhile, pyrolysis is one of the conversion technologies that can be used to treat this kind of waste. The materials that would be used in this research is Al-PE plastic waste. This research aims to determine the effect of fuel consumption rate and particle size on the oil characteristics from pyrolysis of aluminum foil coated polyethylene plastic (AI-pE) waste. The material used in this research is Al-PE plastic waste. The selected particle size variations were 50 × 50 mm and 100 × 100 mm for 130 minutes with variations in fuel consumption rate of 4.77 g/min, 377 g/min and 2.46 g/ min. The resultant pyrolysis and aluminum oil is measured to obtain yield. The results showed that Al-PE pyrolysis oil has a brownish yellow color, distinctive odor, flammability and physical character close to kerosene even to gasoline. The oil yield is between 6.9% wt to 22.4% wt. The highest oil yield and highest heating value obtained from sample A with particle size 50 × 50 mm and fuel consumption rate 4.99 g/min (0.29 kg/h) per kg of Al-PE for 130 min with material density in reactor 27 kg/m3.</em>

Multiple Regression Analysis on Influence Factors of Household Cooking Fuels in Indonesia

<em>One of the causes of the energy crisis is that the number of people is positively correlated with increased consumption of energy, especially fuel and electricity. The need for energy sources, especially for household purposes such as cooking, can be fulfilled by using LPG gas and firewood, as is well known, the LPG and firewood have been used by households in Indonesia since a long time. The variables that affect the use of LPG and firewood by households are "per capita GRDP", poor population, total area, number of islands, forests, and waters. By using multiple linear regression analysis, the prediction of the effect of these variables on the use of LPG and firewood can be obtained. Accuracy results obtained are 64% for both types of fuel. Meanwhile, the completeness of the data and the addition of other variables can improve the results of prediction accuracy.</em>