Formulation and Optimization of Immediate Release Cajanus Cajan Starch-Based Tablets Containing Metronidazole

Starch is found almost in all organs of plants as a carbohydrate reserve. It is considered one of the most commonly used pharmaceutical additives, mainly in tablet dosage forms; it used as a tablet binder when incorporated through the wet granulation process or as a disintegrant. Cajanus cajan has a high level of carbohydrate, which makes it another potential choice as a source for starch. This study aims to investigate and optimize the effect of Cajanus cajan starch concentrations as well as wet massing granulation time on physicochemical properties of metronidazole tablets. The hardness, friability percentage, and disintegration time of prepared tablets were determined, and the central composite design was employed in the optimization process. Then the tablets of optimized batch were compared against those tablets in which maize starch and sodium starch glycolate were used instead of Cajanus cajan starch. The results indicated that metronidazole tablets containing the upper level of starch paste (Cajanus cajan and/or maize starch paste) exhibited better percentage friability, hardness, and disintegration time than those formulated with lower levels and those without starch paste. The study showed that experimental design is a useful technique for optimizing Cajanus cajan starch-based tablets, which enabled a better understanding of how different variables could affect the responses. In addition, the study demonstrated that incorporation of Cajanus cajan starch in tablets formulation led to improvement of its physical properties compared to the formulations of maize starch and sodium starch glycolate respectively.

Hamilton-Jacobi Equation of Time Dependent Hamiltonians

In this work, we apply the geometric Hamilton-Jacobi theory to obtain solution of Hamiltonian systems in classical mechanics that are either compatible with two structures: the first structure plays a central role in the theory of time- dependent Hamiltonians, whilst the second is used to treat classical Hamiltonians including dissipation terms. It is proved that the generalization of problems from the calculus of variation methods in the nonstationary case can be obtained naturally in Hamilton-Jacobi formalism.

Helmholtz Hamiltonian Mechanics Electromagnetic Physics Gaging Charge Fields Having Novel Quantum Circuitry Model

This article shows novel model Pauli-Dirac-Planck-quantum-circuit-assembly-gage, consisting of the monopole quasiparticles and electron-positron particle fields, demonstrating power of Iyer Markoulakis Helmholtz Hamiltonian mechanics of point vortex and gradient fields general formalism. Transforming this general metrics to Coulombic gaging metrics and performing gage charge fields calculations, derivation of assembly eigenvector matrix bundle constructs of magnetic monopoles, and electron positron particle gage metrics were successfully compiled, like SUSY (?( 1 &?@?*&1 )) Hermitian quantum matrix., modified to asymmetric strings gage metrics to account for asymmetrical magnetic pole forces measurements recently in physics. Physical analysis with graphics discussing scenarios of electric tensor particles and magnetic tensor monopoles permutationally interacting, figures showing simulations of fermions’ spins with Clifford algebraic geometry, and the graphs explaining vortex sinusoidal pulsed signal output distribution profile of typical equivalent wave velocity of the related point fields partially verify this quantum circuity assembly model. Table shows estimated size of this assembly greater than 10-34 Planck unit and less than quasi-particle size of 10-26 metrics unit. Wide-ranging applications of this quantum circuitry assembly model exist for quantum supercomputing expertise antenna networks, alongside quantum astrophysical grand unifying genesis of electromagnetic gravitational matter antimatter systems. This quantum model can be verified by experimental techniques, such as spin-ice and Bose-Einstein condensate spinors.

Helmholtz Hamiltonian Mechanics Electromagnetic Physics Gaging Charge Fields Having Novel Quantum Circuitry Model

This article shows novel model Pauli-Dirac-Planck-quantum-circuit-assembly-gage, consisting of the monopole quasiparticles and electron-positron particle fields, demonstrating power of Iyer Markoulakis Helmholtz Hamiltonian mechanics of point vortex and gradient fields general formalism. Transforming this general metrics to Coulombic gaging metrics and performing gage charge fields calculations, derivation of assembly eigenvector matrix bundle constructs of magnetic monopoles, and electron positron particle gage metrics were successfully compiled, like SUSY (?( 1 &?@?*&1 )) Hermitian quantum matrix., modified to asymmetric strings gage metrics to account for asymmetrical magnetic pole forces measurements recently in physics. Physical analysis with graphics discussing scenarios of electric tensor particles and magnetic tensor monopoles permutationally interacting, figures showing simulations of fermions’ spins with Clifford algebraic geometry, and the graphs explaining vortex sinusoidal pulsed signal output distribution profile of typical equivalent wave velocity of the related point fields partially verify this quantum circuity assembly model. Table shows estimated size of this assembly greater than 10-34 Planck unit and less than quasi-particle size of 10-26 metrics unit. Wide-ranging applications of this quantum circuitry assembly model exist for quantum supercomputing expertise antenna networks, alongside quantum astrophysical grand unifying genesis of electromagnetic gravitational matter antimatter systems. This quantum model can be verified by experimental techniques, such as spin-ice and Bose-Einstein condensate spinors.

Ramanujan Summation for Powers of Triangular and Pronic Numbers

The numbers which are sum of first n natural numbers are called Triangular numbers and numbers which are product of two consecutive positive integers are called Pronic numbers. The concept of Ramanujan summation has been dealt by Srinivasa Ramanujan for divergent series of real numbers. In this paper, I will determine the Ramanujan summation for positive integral powers of triangular and Pronic numbers and derive a new compact formula for general case.

Quantitative Lattice Energy Analysis of Intermolecular Interactions in Crystal Structures of Some Benzimidazole Derivatives

The benzimidazole moiety found in a large number of biologically important drugs has not been completely realized as yet in respect of its strength and directionality of its molecular interactions. To understand the role played by the intermolecular interactions in the benzimidazole derivatives, lattice energy of a series of five important molecules has been computed and results accrued thereof have been discussed. Analysis of molecular packing based on the intermolecular interaction energies suggests existence of different molecular pairs that play an important role in the stabilization of the crystal structures. Interaction energy analysis of such motifs reveals that intermolecular interactions of the type N-H…N and C-H…N happen to be the major contributors to the stabilization of molecular packing in the unit cell. N-H…π and C-H…π type edge-to-face stacking interactions also contribute significantly to the stabilization of crystal packing. The pairs of N-H…N intermolecular hydrogen bonds link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers making a contribution of -14 to -18.52 kcal/mol towards stabilization, whereas C-H…N bonds link the molecules into dimers in the energy range of -2 to -5 kcal/mol. Additionally, the role of π…π interactions has also been investigated in molecular stabilization.

Fossil Fuels, Rising Population, and Global Warming: The Interlinked Phenomena

Global warming is increasing due to accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the earth’s atmosphere. This is leading to devastating consequences causing floods and droughts in different areas of the globe. The exploitation and burning of fossil fuels on a tremendous scale is the main reason for rising global warming. The approach of sustainable development may help in controlling the rising temperatures. Hydrogen fuel is one such promising alternative clean fuel, that could change the scenario as per the vision of ‘Hydrogen Economy’. A combined approach of switching to cleaner and greener fuel with increased natural sinks for CO2 can provide a better solution to global warming.