Global Pandemic of a Century: A Review on the Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China. While the outbreak in China is almost over, this highly contagious disease is currently spreading across the world with a daily increase in the number of affected countries, confirmed cases, and infection-related deaths. In January, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of COVID-19 constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Based on the high levels of global spread and the severity of COVID-19, on 11 March 2020, the Director-General of the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by a newly emerged zoonotic coronavirus. A positive-sense enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been isolated from a patient with pneumonia and connected to the cluster of acute respiratory illness cases from Wuhan. The virus is transmitted from human to human via droplets coughed or exhaled by infected persons and by touching droplet-contaminated surfaces or objects and then touching the eyes, nose, or mouth. Population groups that have been more frequently reported as having severe disease and a higher mortality rate include people aged over 60 years, males, people with underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer. Current estimates suggest a median incubation period of five to six days for COVID-19, with a range of one to 14 days. Disease-specific pharmaceuticals and vaccines are still under research and development. The therapeutic use of convalescent plasma donated by patients recovered from COVID-19 might play a role in the efforts to find a possible treatment for COVID-19. Keywords: Coronavirus, COVID-19, WHO, SARS-Cov-2, Zoonotic.

Development of Standard Manufacturing Process of Joshanda

Unani System of Medicine (USM) has many safe and effective single drugs as well as compound formulations, which are commonly used in four forms solid (Hab, Qurs, Safoof, Kushta etc.); semisolid (Majoon, Laooq, Marham/Zamad etc.); liquid (Joshanda, Sharbat, Sheera, Rooh, Tila etc.) and gaseous (Bakhoor, Inkabab, Shamoom etc.). Joshanda, a preparation, in which Unani crude drugs are frequently used for treatment of common cold, catarrh, cough, associated respiratory distress and fever etc. Different Joshande are available in various Qarabadeen. In this paper a comprehensive summary has been made about various Joshande, about the drug and water ratio, yield of Joshanda and therapeutic uses of various Joshande, which is mentioned in different reference books of Unani System of Medicine. Documented evidence regarding their standard procedures of preparation/process standardization is meagre. Some important points are not specifically given, in the case of preparation of Joshandai.e quantity of heat and duration of heat. Therefore in the present study, apart from literature survey, one experimental study was also done by preparing different batches of Joshanda in different volumes (one litre, five litres and ten litres) at specific temperatures and observed the duration of heating and net volume of product left was also observed after giving suitable temperature. Keywords: Unani System of Medicine (USM), Standard Manufacturing Process (SMP), Joshanda, Decoction

Role of Micro RNA in Therapy of Atherosclerosis and Skin Fibrosis: A Review

MiRNAs are highly conserved class of small (19-25 nucleotides), non-coding RNAs, which regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by binding to target mRNAs and result in gene silencing. In the genome, miRNAs can be found situated in the exons of non-coding genes, introns of coding and non-coding genes and the intragenic regions. Small interfering RNAs are approximately 22 nucleotides in length and mediate RNA interference (RNAi). miRNAs control endothelial cell, vascular smooth muscle cell and macrophage functions, and thereby regulate the progression of atherosclerosis. miRNAs expression is modulated by different stimuli involved in every stage of atherosclerosis and conversely miRNAs modulates several pathways implicated in plaque development such as cholesterol metabolism. miRNAs are involved in the regulation of key processes that contribute to skin fibrosis, including TGF-beta signaling, ECM deposition, fibroblast proliferation and differentiation, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition or transformation. Some miRNAs are profibrotic and their upregulation favors these processes contributing to fibrosis, while anti-fibrotic miRNAs inhibit these processes and may be reduced in fibrosis. Keywords: Micro RNA, Atherosclerosis, Skin fibrosis, Fibroblast, Plaque

Post Corona World – “Heroes and Higher Education Fighting the Battle COVID – 19

Viruses as we all know are the connecting link of living & non-living & also there mutation rate is very high and the specific treaterments are very rare and one such newly discover virus is COVID-19 by which we all are fighting. It was first recognized by WHO on 4th January 2020 in Wuhan, Hubei province and on 5 January 2020, WHO published our first Disease Outbreak News on the new virus. In INDIA COVID-19 was first reported on 30th January 2020. This covid-19 spreads via air or fomite borne. To be safe and avoid spreading of infection government took the step of lockdown and request country to cooperate by wearing masks and qurantime themselves for their safety. Covid-19 where took education on online platform on the other hand it come up with the real heroes of the nation. Keywords: Novel Corona Virus 2019, Spread, Pandemic, Lockdown, Education industry, Real heroes, Cloud computing, Online grocery, Video conferencing