Journal of Environment
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Published By CARI Journals Limited

2789-3863

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-46
Author(s):  
Sofia Tumaini Kabibi ◽  
Benards Okeyo ◽  
M. H. Khalil Timamy

Purpose: This study examined the status, challenges and opportunities of the fishing sub-sector in Mombasa and Lamu counties in Kenya. The study examined the various opportunities cold chain have in development of the fisheries sector. The study zeroed on factors like the economic, administrative, financial, technological and cultural attributes that influence the efficiency of the cold chain. Methodology: Literature reviewed showed that shortage of reliable and adequate cold chain facilities in sub-Saharan Africa is one of the main causes of losses of perishable products however there’s little documentation of the study on the status, challenges and opportunities of cold chain technologies in the fishing sector in Kenya.  The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study focusses on 2 counties in Coastal Kenya i.e. Mombasa and Lamu Counties. The justification for selecting the 2 sites was that Lamu fisheries industry is extensive and highly developed, Lamu receives the highest number of fish harvest. Primary data was obtained through questionnaires and personal interviews. The personal interviews took 5 days in Mombasa and 5 days in Lamu. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences; SPSS version 20. Results: The main result of the study was showed that cold chain is widely used and required in the advancement of fishing in all the study sites. The study also revealed that Lamu County is more dependent on cold chain for fishing to earn profit for the sector as it final market is Mombasa a distance of over 200km away. The needs of the type, capacity and partnership is different from one Beach Management Unit to the other. This is primarily due to factor such fish catch, governance dynamics, access and affordability of cold chain technology and distance to the market. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study indicated that there has been deliberate effort by the two tier government – National and County to invest in Cold chain however this has been faced with myriad challenges where this installed equipment are either not operating efficiently or have stalled. The study indicated and showed that there needs to be systematic approach when selecting and managing cold chain equipment in the fishing sector.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Mohammed Habibu Abdulai ◽  
Kodwo Miezah ◽  
Abdul-Basit Danajoe Munkaila

Purpose: The study determined the methods of solid waste disposal in the municipality, in relation with awareness and compliance with dumping on approved locations. Methodology: The study adopted simple and purposive sampling techniques to select households and respondents. The target respondents for the study were, planning and Environmental offices, chiefs and opinion leaders, and heads of households. Data were analyzed using a regression model to determine the influencing factors of the disposal options, whiles also evaluating compliance with the disposal on approved lands. Findings: The research found out that; open dumping in the neighborhood, (83.33%), was the main disposal option of the municipality, also, there was a significant relationship between; awareness of approved dumping sites and compliance with dumping on approved sites, distance to the waste disposal sites affected the disposal on approved sites, and lack of knowledge on by-laws on waste management also affected the choice of disposal option.  The research concluded that open dumping of waste is mainly driven by low awareness of approved disposal sites and the absence of recycling alternatives. The unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended the need for the provision of more communal containers and waste bins by government and sector players on waste management in the district; intensive education on bye-laws, emphasizing on the significance of dumping waste on approved sites is a welcoming intervention.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Muturi

Purpose: Solid waste is the remnant of the refuse that is collected and discarded by the public either in a managed system or in a mismanaged way. It also includes garbage or trash which consists of everyday items discarded by the public, for example plastic papers and containers, kitchen refuse, and market waste. The general objective of the study was to examine influence of stakeholder’s participation and management of solid waste disposal. A critical literature review. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study concludes that the stakeholders are local and national government municipalities; city corporations; non-governmental organizations (NGO's); households, private contractor; Ministries of Health and Environment. The authorities, local and national municipalities, are largely responsible for the Waste Collection in the waste management chain. The Ministry of Health was is the most important stakeholder, followed by municipalities and solid waste management councils. Recommendations: The study recommends that there should be good drainage and proper town planning especially building standards like spacing and reserved areas; urban planning, infrastructural maintenance, and waste management like garbage clearing, and waste channeling; early warning system, reliable forecast, awareness, and inspections; community involvement through farming, afforestation, environmental sanitation, and stoppage of illegal mining; flood protection like dams, gabion, digging trenches, and water harvesting. Keywords:  influence, stakeholders, participation and management solid waste disposal


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
JAMES OLUBWA

Purpose: A normal person cannot perceive sound to its minimum level of 0 dB or the sound of rustling leaves. Persons with excellent hearing capabilities can receive sound levels as low as 15 dB. On the higher end, sound levels that exceed 85 dB can cause damage as bad as permanent hearing damage. The period spent around loud sound determines the extent of damage that will occur. The calmer the sound, the longer one can withstand it without any alarming effect. The general objective of the study was to access the impact of environmental noise on individual hearing problems. A critical literature review Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study concludes that safety practices that can assist in preventing hearing losses and other harmful effects call for personal, physician, and administrative engagement. Administratively, employers have an obligation to provide safety devices that prevent hearing loss or impairment. Employers should provide personal protective equipment to abate noise levels and that employers should give all employees an opportunity select hearing protectors that vary from entire head enclosures, canal caps, earplugs, to ear mugs. Recommendations: The study suggested that that personal hearing protective devices use should be enforced through education and inbuilt administrative mechanisms. Only consistent long term use of prevention produces positive impact. It is also recommended that utilization of safety strategies like shift rotations, leave scheduling, acoustic sound proofing of offices, quiet machinery and other strategies be enhanced through deliberate administrative effort. Keywords:  impact, environmental, noise, individual, hearing problems


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Cassan Kimani

Purpose: The better management of land resources is essential for sustainability and for improving the quality of life of people living in the city and the peri urban areas who are mostly farmers With major changes being agricultural land use giving way to residential land use in the peri urban area, access to agricultural land is drastically reduced causing food insecurity problems in the region. The general objective of the study was to establish the access the impact of human population on land degradation. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study found out that increase in human population has resulted to more land-use and land cover changes are likely to take place as more land is converted over time, forest to agricultural land, and agricultural land to built-up land, which threatens the existence of agricultural land and water sources in the future. Recommendations: The study recommends that there is the need for stakeholder participation and institutionalize stakeholders’ participations in land use planning process and urban planning. It is only when the public and land owners are well informed about land management issues that a positive change of attitude, adherence to laws on land use among others can be achieved. The county government and the national governments should come up with policies to outlaw arbitrary sale of land especially in areas where the main form of land use is agriculture to enhance the effectiveness of zoning regulations. It is important that the management of land be made the first priority in the study area and the nation as a whole. The various land sector agencies and institutions responsible for land management should enforce the existing laws on land management


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
DANSON NGETHE

Purpose: There is a variety of electronic waste found in the country ranging from computers, cellular phones, televisions sets, refrigerators, and entertainment electronics amongst others. The general objective of the study was access the influence of electronic waste management systems in Kenya. A critical literature review Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study concludes that the methods employed in e-waste management were still inadequate. Most importers disposed of the undistributed computers and mobile phone at a discounted price to retailers and consumers. Very few importers used extended ·producer responsibility. In addition, majority of the end users used auctioning as a method of e-waste management. Recommendations: The study suggested that there is a need for the manufacturer to design a system which provides incentives to consumers to bring back products to the appropriate collection points. The incentives can be used in the beginning of the collection scheme as a way of advertising the scheme and when the scheme is well established the manufacturer can review and determine if there is need for incentives. Keywords: influence, electronic waste, management systems, Kenya


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Alfred Kinyanjui

Purpose: Climate change may reduce the availability of these local natural resources, limiting the options of rural households that depend on Natural resources for consumption or trade. The general objective of the study was to examine influence of climate change mitigation strategies on rural livelihoods Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study found out that local communities are aware of the climatic changes taking place in their locality and have taken steps to discuss climate change issues within their neighborhood, through local leadership Chief Barazas and reports by environment stakeholders. The researcher also established that different adaptation strategies are encouraged by different organizations. Recommendations: The study recommends that scaling up and diversifying funding allocations for climate change response by both government and NGOs. This will ensure vibrant climate that climate change response activities that are at the same time enhancing rural livelihoods. Channeling of funds through grass root organizations like youth groups and women organizations will provide support of most preferred local adaptation strategies like change in crop patterns, agro-forestry and cross breeding of livestock


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Melyne Amolloh ’ Achieng ◽  
Kapiyo R. ◽  
Akala B. ◽  
A. Fredrick Otieno

Purpose: This paper demonstrates the influence of school land-use practices on tree population in public primary schools in Kisumu County. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed and systematic random sampling used to select 124 schools (20% of 615). Primary data came from self-administered questionnaires to school heads and harmonized using focus group discussions with teachers and pupils. Further, key informant interviews, observation, photography and desk studies were also used. Results: From the study, the average land size of a public primary school is 3.26Ha with approximately 23.7% unused spaces. 32.26% of the schools do not have a documented land use plan hence rely on sheer instincts and ad hoc decisions of the administration or Board of Management (BoM) for space allocation to any land cover. There is a significantly positive correlation between school land-use practices (r2=0.843) and tree population. Out of the common land use practices identified; forestry (p=2e-16), tree nursery (p=2e-16) and kitchen gardening (p=0.017) had a significant positive influence on the total tree population in schools. The findings show that land use practices positively influence tree population in public primary schools. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study demonstrates that school administration should take advantage of the unused spaces to provide adequate room for establishment of woodlots and gardens to facilitate the achievement of the 10% forest cover. Key Words: Land cover, Land use practices, Public Primary schools, school land size, tree population  


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