Editorial

Editorial

Synthesis of Polyaniline-Cellulose Conductive Composites with Modified Initial Treatment of Cellulose

Conductive polymers are polymers that can conduct electric current because they have conjugated double bonds. Polyaniline is one example of conductive polymers with advantages such as high conductivity, excellent environmental stability, and easy to be synthesized. Nevertheless, polyaniline still has disadvantages such as rigid physical properties that can limit its usage application. Some studies state that stiffness can be overcome by forming composites. Cellulose has been used as a matrix in making polyaniline composites because of its flexible nature. In this study, the synthesis of PANI-cellulose composites was carried out with five different treatment variations, including swelling pretreatment and without swelling pretreatment, reaction through sonication, and without sonication. This treatment difference aims to examine the effect of swelling and sonication processes on composite properties analyzed through peaks appear in Fourier Transformation Infrared spectrometry, conductivity using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, as well as differences in the diffractogram of X-Ray Diffraction. In addition to the variations in the initial treatment, variations in the mass of the aniline were also used. The aim is to determine the optimum amount of aniline used to obtain a composite with the highest conductivity value. Inserting aniline to cellulose to synthesis PANI-cellulose composites affected the absorption peaks at wave numbers that identify C-N bonds in PANI-cellulose composites. Also, there are typical peaks of C-N indicated the formation of hydrogen bonds in the composite between PANI and cellulose. Analysis with EIS shows that composite C with an aniline concentration of 2.0 g/L has the highest conductivity, which is 4.77 x 10-6 S/cm. The diffractograms show the formation of organic compounds on PANI-cellulose composites, marked by the peak intensity and widen diffraction patterns.

Development of a Land Transportation Recommendation System Using the Hill Climbing Algorithm

Communities in big cities often encounter problems in using public transportation due to difficulties in accessing available information. The information is not well integrated and scattered in various places. For this reason, an information and recommendation system is needed to facilitate the public in choosing the right mode of land transportation. The recommendation system can be built using the Hill Climbing algorithm. In this paper, I explain the development of a public land transportation recommendation system using three types of Hill Climbing Algorithms. The results of the recommendations are analyzed based on the complexity of asymptotic time, space complexity, and the quality of the results.

Effects of Silica Nanoparticle Addition on Physical and Mechanical properties of Sugar Palm Fibers Reinforced Cement Composite Concrete

This study examines the effect of nanosilica addition to the physical and mechanical properties of sugar palm fibers (SPFs) reinforced cement composite concrete. The composite concrete ingredients are SPFs as the filler, cement and nano-silica as the matrix, CaCl2 as the catalyst, and water. Testing and fabrication of the composite concrete were performed according to the standard of ASTM C 1185 and ASTM C 1186. The results obtained show that, in general, the addition of nanosilica improves the quality of the composite concrete. A positive effect is attained by adding nanosilica to its optimum amount. The excessive addition of nanosilica reduces the quality of the composite. The composite's mechanical property that is negatively affected by the addition of the nanosilica is the elasticity, in which more nanosilica added stiffer the composite.

Influence Analysis of Smoothing Algorithms in Language Modelling for Indonesian Statistical Machine Translation

The diversity of languages makes the need for translation so that communication between individuals of different languages can be appropriately established. The statistical translator engine (SMT) was a translator engine based on a statistical approach to parallel corpus analysis. One crucial part of SMT was language modeling (LM). LM was the calculation of word probability from a corpus-based on n-grams. There was a smoothing algorithm in LM where this algorithm will bring up the probability of a word whose value was zero. This study compares the use of the best smoothing algorithm from each of the three LM according to the standard Moses, namely KenLM, SRILM, and IRSTLM. For SRILM using smoothing algorithm interpolation with Witten-bell and interpolation with Ristads natural discounting, for KenLM using interpolation with modified Kneser-ney smoothing algorithm, and for IRSTLM using modified Kneser-ney and Witten-bell algorithm which was referenced based on previously researched. This study uses a corpus of 10,000 sentences. Tests carried out by BLEU and testing by Melayu Sambas linguists. Based on the results of BLEU testing and linguist testing, the best smoothing algorithm was chosen, namely modified Kneser-ney in KenLM LM, where the average results of automated testing, for Indonesian-Melayu Sambas and vice versa were 41. 6925% and 46. 66%. Moreover, for testing linguists, the accuracy of the Indonesian-Melayu Sambas language and vice versa was 77. 3165% and 77. 9095%

Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Gene from Isolates of Diabetic Ulcer Patients

Antibiotic resistance can be caused by the presence of several genes encoding antibiotic resistance found in certain bacteria. S. aureus bacteria contained blaZ (97.4%), mecA (42.3%) and tetM genes (20.2%). Bacillus sp. contained blm (87.2%), tetL (44%) and tetB genes (2.9%). E. coli bacteria contained tem (80.9%)dan shv genes (14.28%). Clostridium spp. Bacteria contained cat gene (36%), as well as S. pyogens contained ermT (36.5%). Specific primers made in silico based on bioinformatics were then analyzed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and electrophoresis. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of blaZ, mecA, tetM, blM, tetL, tetB, tem, shv, cat, and ermT genes. The research began by searching for the nucleotide sequences for the ermT, cat, tetB, and blaZ genes through the Primer 3Plus program and analyzed using OligoAnalyzer 3.1. In vitro detection was carried out by extracting DNA and then amplification using PCR, and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results of the analysis of the primer criteria for the ermT gene and the blaZ gene at the optimum Tm 55 C, cat gene and the tetB gene at the optimum Tm 60 C have met all the primer criteria. The results obtained are mecA gene (533 bp), tetM gene (366 bp), blm gene (1107 bp), tetL gene (267 bp), tetB gene (186 bp), tem gene (1073 bp), cat gene (164 bp), the ermT gene (202 bp) has been detected successfully, while blaZ and shv have not been detected successfully.