Hate Speech Towards Syrian Refugees in Turkish Online Reader Comments

The aim of this study is to examine the hate speech in the reader comments towards Syrian refugee s in Turkey. Within the framework of this purpose, the reader comments made on the news about the violence towards a Syrian child, which took place on the web page of national newspaper Hürriyet, are analysed. It is hoped that, this study will help reveal the concerns or motives which lie behind the negative point of views and opinions towards Syrian refugees. Thus, it may make a contribution to determining the counter-strategies against the intolerance and hostility towards the refugees.

Supporter, Activist, Rebel, Terrorist

Children have always been a part of the war for millennia but child soldiering is often portrayed as something rather new, as a side product of the Post-Cold War in most of the fragile states in the world. Underdevelopment is a feature of the fragile state and especially political violence is a common figure in such states. This paper argues that, children's role changes in fragile states, and further focuses on children in Syrian war and their changing role in the society. While the conflict was turning into a war the role of the children both in the society and in the conflict of which increasing tension was turning it into a war. And when the country, one of the fragile states in the world, collapsed, the government lost control and the children took the sides as terrorists. Given the brief information about the changing roles of Syrian children in this dynamically violent environment, this article will examine the transformation of the role of the children in the fragile state Syria.

How Can World Leaders Understand the Perverse Core of Terrorism?

Based on the recently-dated terrorist attacks perpetrated in Europe, where terrorists weaponized classic forms of transport against civilian targets, one might speculate that likely mobilities and terrorism would be inextricably intertwined. In the mid of this mayhem, this chapter centers on the mobilities-paradigm as an ideological platform that keeps the interests of ruling elite, inasmuch as only 1% of mankind is legally authorized to travel worldwide. It is vital for social scientists to interrogate on the cultural effects of 9/11, in a world which is characterized by serious economic imbalances. In this world of full contrasts, while first world tourists are encouraged to move from one point to another without any restriction, migrants, asylum-seekers and vagabonds are energetically pursued, jailed or exiled by nation-state.

Refugees or Migrants

As refugees / immigrants are forced to cross the border, the member states of European Union are trying to manage mobile populations or the new labor force in various ways. Under the over-accumulation crisis, what kind of policies are drawn; or are denizens be punished as they question the stability of borders, state sovereign and supranational policies? When social contradictions are intense, in bourgeois democracy human rights are shrunk and the process of fascistisation is activated. Ultimately, maybe it is noticeable to understand that refugees /migrants become mutatis mutandis an allegorical figure of Muselmanner.

Thana-Capitalism and the Sense of Reality

Based on the contributions of Jean Baudrillard, a French well known philosopher who exerted a radical criticism to the mass-media and its position respecting to migration and terrorism, Korstanje alluded to a neologism, “Thana-Capitalism”, which situates as a new stage of production where the suffering of others is the main commodity exchanged among classes. In times of Thana Capitalism, though we horrify from refugees and their miseries or the latest terrorist blow in CNN, we have doing nothing to change reality. This begs an interesting question, how does perception form in times of thana capitalism? what is the concept of reality in the age of pseudo-reality? is the media and the spectacle of disasters disorganizing social ties? This chapter centers on the role of reality in times where others` death crystalized as a criterion of consumption.

The Syrian Refugee Crisis and the Role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

Following the Arab Spring, the Middle East is in chaos with ongoing wars in Yemen and Syria. There are millions of Syrians seeking refuge in neighboring countries like Turkey and Lebanon, and in European countries like Greece, Hungary, and Germany. Nonetheless, the largest proportion of Syrian refugees in hosted by neighboring countries needing continuous support of the international community. As the issue of Syrian refugees is transnational, there is a need to look for multilateral options for dealing with the crisis. Thus, the role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) becomes crucial. Irrespective of being labelled as a ‘talk fest', there is no denying of the fact that OIC has significant potential for tackling grave challenges facing the Muslim world. The problems range from extremism and radicalization to poverty and illiteracy. Now there is the emergent challenge of refugees from the Middle Eastern crisis. This paper evaluates the role of OIC with reference to the Syrian refugee crisis in the Middle East and beyond.

LGBT Right Activism and the Risk of Christianophobia in Nigeria

Nigerian conservatism and doctrinaire religion have been cardinal forces behind the adoption of a homophobic legislation in Nigeria. This scenario has spurred many (pro)-gay activists into anchoring their advocacy on a “Christianophobic” rhetoric which labels Christianity and religious fanaticism as two forms of bigotry, barbarism and Nazism, as well as facets of an anti-progressive movement. Such an aggressive advocacy tactic has been making a case for the systematic “de-Christianization” and “de-Islamization” of Nigerians' minds. Using empirical understandings, this chapter argues that, Nigerian LGBT activists shape their advocacy strategies according to some Western atheistic models; models which have progressively given rise to gay totalitarianism and “Christianophobia” in a number of western countries. The paper highlights indexes pointing to a future “Christianophobia” in Nigeria, driven by a “Christianophobic” gay activism and finally argues that any pro-gay advocacy rooted in the de-Christianization of Nigerians unarguably proffers the disrespect of religious freedom.

Providente Asylum vs. the Council of Europe

The existing European legislative frameworks seem to be unable to deal with the huge amount of refugees. Greece failed to fulfil its obligations according to the European Union Dublin Regulation and allowed refugees to move on a country of their choice. Therefore, taking into account the difficulties that the European states have to face regarding the increasing flow of refugees, the present chapter reviews the existing jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the protection of refugees, in order to explain whether the CoE Member States have obligation to protect and promote the rights of refugees. Moreover, it focuses on the contribution of the Council of Europe in the harmonisation of national policies towards the treatment of refugees. Finally, it assesses the Greek policies with regard to the treatment of refugees and suggests improvements in accordance with the Council of Europe's recommendations.