Incorrect Reference in: Factors Associated With Closures of Emergency Departments in the United States

School shootings comprise a small proportion of childhood deaths from firearms; however, these shootings receive a disproportionately large share of media attention. We conducted a root cause analysis of 2 recent school shootings in the United States using lay press reports. We reviewed 1760 and analyzed 282 articles from the 10 most trusted news sources. We identified 356 factors associated with the school shootings. Policy-level factors, including a paucity of adequate legislation controlling firearm purchase and ownership, were the most common contributing factors to school shootings. Mental illness was a commonly cited person-level factor, and access to firearms in the home and availability of large-capacity firearms were commonly cited environmental factors. Novel approaches, including root cause analyses using lay media, can identify factors contributing to mass shootings. The policy, person, and environmental factors associated with these school shootings should be addressed as part of a multipronged effort to prevent future mass shootings.

Download Full-text

Mainstream Flavor: Ethnic Cuisine and Assimilation in the United States

Social Currents ◽

10.1177/2329496520948169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 64-85

Author(s):

Anna Boch ◽

Tomás Jiménez ◽

Katharina Roesler

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Cultural Change ◽

Culture Change ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

The United States ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Assimilation Process ◽

Restaurant Reviews ◽

Mexican Populations

Assimilation theories posit that cultural change is part and parcel of the assimilation process. That change can register in the symbols and practices that individuals invoke as part of an ethnic experience. But cultural change also includes the degree to which the mainstream takes up those symbols and practices as part of its composite culture. We develop a way to examine whether cuisine, an important component of ethnic culture, is part of the mainstream’s composite culture and the contextual factors associated with the presence of ethnic cuisine in the composite culture. We begin with a comparison of 761,444 reviews of Mexican, Italian, Chinese, and American restaurants across the United States from Yelp!, an online customer review platform. We find that reviews of Mexican restaurants mention ethnicity and authenticity much more than reviews of Italian and American restaurants, but less than reviews of Chinese restaurants, suggesting intermediate mainstreaming of Mexican cuisine. We then examine Mexican restaurant reviews in the 82 largest U.S. core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) to uncover the contextual factors associated with Mexican cuisine’s local mainstream presence. We find that Mexican food is less defined in ethnic terms in CBSAs with larger and more culturally distinct Mexican populations and at less-expensive restaurants. We argue that regional versions of the composite culture change as ethnic groups come to define a region demographically and culturally.

Download Full-text

Feel the Burn! Fireworks-related Otolaryngologic Trauma

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/00034894211008100 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000348942110081

Author(s):

Alexander J. Straughan ◽

Luke J. Pasick ◽

Vrinda Gupta ◽

Daniel A. Benito ◽

Joseph F. Goodman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Emergency Departments ◽

Closed Head Injury ◽

Penetrating Trauma ◽

The United States ◽

Neck Injuries ◽

Chi Square ◽

Injury Surveillance System ◽

Cross Sectional

Objectives: Fireworks are used commonly for celebrations in the United States, but can lead to severe injury to the head and neck. We aim to assess the incidence, types, and mechanisms of head and neck injuries associated with fireworks use from 2010 to 2019. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study, using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, of individuals presenting to United States Emergency Departments with head and neck injuries caused by fireworks and flares from 2010 to 2019. Incidence, types, and mechanisms of injury related to fireworks use in the US population were assessed. Results: A total of 541 patients (349 [64.5%] male, and 294 [54%] under 18 years of age) presented to emergency departments with fireworks-related head and neck injuries; the estimated national total was 20 584 patients (13 279 male, 9170 white, and 11 186 under 18 years of age). The most common injury diagnoses were burns (44.7% of injuries), laceration/avulsion/penetrating trauma (21.1%), and otologic injury (15.2%), which included hearing loss, otalgia, tinnitus, unspecified acoustic trauma, and tympanic membrane perforation. The remaining 19% of injuries were a mix, including contusion, abrasion, hematoma, fracture, and closed head injury. Associations between fireworks type and injury diagnosis (chi-square P < .001), as well as fireworks type by age group (chi-square P < .001) were found. Similarly, associations were found between age groups and injury diagnoses (chi-square P < .001); these included children 5 years and younger and adults older than 30 years. Conclusions: Fireworks-related head and neck injuries are more likely to occur in young, white, and male individuals. Burns are the most common injury, while otologic injury is a significant contributor. Annual rates of fireworks-related head and neck injuries have not changed or improved significantly in the United States in the past decade, suggesting efforts to identify and prevent these injuries are insufficient.

Download Full-text

Epidemiology of Racket and Paddle Sports-Related Injuries Treated in the United States Emergency Departments, 2007-2016

The Physician and Sportsmedicine ◽

10.1080/00913847.2021.1892467 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bradley Changstrom ◽

Andrew McBride ◽

Morteza Khodaee

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Emergency Departments ◽

The United States

Download Full-text

Leadership Continuity and Change in Hmong Refugee Communities in the United States

Asian and Pacific Migration Journal ◽

10.1177/011719689700600204 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 213-228

Author(s):

Jeremy Hein

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Change ◽

Political Violence ◽

International Migration ◽

The United States ◽

Host Society ◽

Leadership Positions ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Continuity And Change ◽

Authority Structures

Political violence and international migration have the potential to disrupt leadership continuity in Hmong refugee communities in the United States. At the same time, clan and village authority structures from Laos favor leadership continuity despite dramatic social change. Data on 40 Hmong leaders in ten communities are used to determine if the indigenous sources of leadership continue to determine who becomes a leader after resettlement. The majority of leaders were leaders in Southeast Asia and have close kin who were leaders, indicating leadership continuity. Whether these leaders have held few or many leadership positions in the United States, however, is not determined by prior leadership or kinship, but by factors associated with acculturation. Initial leadership status in a host society is linked to authority structures from the homeland, but social change influences subsequent leadership careers.

Download Full-text