Leadership Continuity and Change in Hmong Refugee Communities in the United States

Political violence and international migration have the potential to disrupt leadership continuity in Hmong refugee communities in the United States. At the same time, clan and village authority structures from Laos favor leadership continuity despite dramatic social change. Data on 40 Hmong leaders in ten communities are used to determine if the indigenous sources of leadership continue to determine who becomes a leader after resettlement. The majority of leaders were leaders in Southeast Asia and have close kin who were leaders, indicating leadership continuity. Whether these leaders have held few or many leadership positions in the United States, however, is not determined by prior leadership or kinship, but by factors associated with acculturation. Initial leadership status in a host society is linked to authority structures from the homeland, but social change influences subsequent leadership careers.

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International Migration and Its Impact on the Mar Thoma Denomination

Ethnic Church Meets Megachurch ◽

10.18574/nyu/9781479804757.003.0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Prema A. Kurien

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Change ◽

International Migration ◽

The United States ◽

Unintended Consequence ◽

Religious Organization ◽

Religious Institutions ◽

Rapid Social Change ◽

The Church ◽

Practical Implications

There is currently little literature on how religious institutions are influenced by the international migration of its members, in other words, how the transnationalization of a religious organization is felt and practiced on the ground. Chapter 6 examines how and why the international migration of Mar Thomites, particularly to the United States, has brought about multifaceted changes in the home church and the home communities in Kerala. Some of these impacts were due to the leadership having to accommodate the needs of its international membership, whereas others were the unintended consequence of the church developing the infrastructure to manage and use the inflow of remittances. Yet other consequences were due to larger transformations in Kerala society caused by migration and rapid social change. The chapter also examines the theoretical and practical implications of these changes.

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2209-PUB: Factors Associated with Switching from Sulfonylureas (SUs) to Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4i) among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes in the United States

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-2209-pub ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 2209-PUB

Author(s):

XI TAN ◽

LINGFENG YANG ◽

KAMLESH KHUNTI ◽

RUYA ZHANG ◽

DIANA ZHANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

The United States ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

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Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza

10.23943/princeton/9780691159676.001.0001 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sara Roy

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Political Violence ◽

West Bank ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Social Institutions ◽

The United States ◽

Great Promise ◽

Religious Congregations ◽

Regional Dynamics ◽

Second Intifada

Many in the United States and Israel believe that Hamas is nothing but a terrorist organization, and that its social sector serves merely to recruit new supporters for its violent agenda. Based on extensive fieldwork in the Gaza Strip and West Bank during the critical period of the Oslo peace process, this book shows how the social service activities sponsored by the Islamist group emphasized not political violence but rather community development and civic restoration. The book demonstrates how Islamic social institutions in Gaza and the West Bank advocated a moderate approach to change that valued order and stability, not disorder and instability; were less dogmatically Islamic than is often assumed; and served people who had a range of political outlooks and no history of acting collectively in support of radical Islam. These institutions attempted to create civic communities, not religious congregations. They reflected a deep commitment to stimulate a social, cultural, and moral renewal of the Muslim community, one couched not only—or even primarily—in religious terms. Vividly illustrating Hamas's unrecognized potential for moderation, accommodation, and change, the book also traces critical developments in Hamas' social and political sectors through the Second Intifada to today, and offers an assessment of the current, more adverse situation in the occupied territories. The Oslo period held great promise that has since been squandered. This book argues for more enlightened policies by the United States and Israel, ones that reflect Hamas' proven record of nonviolent community building. A new afterword discusses how Hamas has been affected by changing regional dynamics and by recent economic and political events in Gaza, including failed attempts at reconciliation with Fatah.

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Lawyers as Activists

10.1093/oso/9780190886172.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michael C. Dorf ◽

Michael S. Chu

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Media ◽

Social Change ◽

Civil Rights ◽

Rule Of Law ◽

The United States ◽

The Rule Of Law ◽

Court Action ◽

The Government ◽

Trump Administration

Lawyers played a key role in challenging the Trump administration’s Travel Ban on entry into the United States of nationals from various majority-Muslim nations. Responding to calls from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), which were amplified by social media, lawyers responded to the Travel Ban’s chaotic rollout by providing assistance to foreign travelers at airports. Their efforts led to initial court victories, which in turn led the government to soften the Ban somewhat in two superseding executive actions. The lawyers’ work also contributed to the broader resistance to the Trump administration by dramatizing its bigotry, callousness, cruelty, and lawlessness. The efficacy of the lawyers’ resistance to the Travel Ban shows that, contrary to strong claims about the limits of court action, litigation can promote social change. General lessons about lawyer activism in ordinary times are difficult to draw, however, because of the extraordinary threat Trump poses to civil rights and the rule of law.

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Mass School Shootings in the United States: A Novel Root Cause Analysis Using Lay Press Reports

Clinical Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/0009922819873650 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (13) ◽

pp. 1423-1428 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chris A. Rees ◽

Lois K. Lee ◽

Eric W. Fleegler ◽

Rebekah Mannix

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Root Cause Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

School Shootings ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Mass Shootings ◽

Cause Analysis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Root Cause

School shootings comprise a small proportion of childhood deaths from firearms; however, these shootings receive a disproportionately large share of media attention. We conducted a root cause analysis of 2 recent school shootings in the United States using lay press reports. We reviewed 1760 and analyzed 282 articles from the 10 most trusted news sources. We identified 356 factors associated with the school shootings. Policy-level factors, including a paucity of adequate legislation controlling firearm purchase and ownership, were the most common contributing factors to school shootings. Mental illness was a commonly cited person-level factor, and access to firearms in the home and availability of large-capacity firearms were commonly cited environmental factors. Novel approaches, including root cause analyses using lay media, can identify factors contributing to mass shootings. The policy, person, and environmental factors associated with these school shootings should be addressed as part of a multipronged effort to prevent future mass shootings.

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Does Emancipation Matter? Fertility of Chinese International Migrants to the United States and Nonmigrants during China’s One-child Policy Period

International Migration Review ◽

10.1177/0197918321994789 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 019791832199478

Author(s):

Wanli Nie ◽

Pau Baizan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

International Migration ◽

Chinese Women ◽

The United States ◽

Selection Effects ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Family Policies ◽

Chinese Migrants ◽

And Migration ◽

The Impact

This article investigates the impact of international migration to the United States on the level and timing of Chinese migrants’ fertility. We compare Chinese women who did not leave the country (non-migrants) and were subject to restrictive family policies from 1974 to 2015 to those who moved to the United States (migrants) and were, thus, “emancipated” from these policies. We theoretically develop and empirically test the emancipation hypothesis that migrants should have a higher fertility than non-migrants, as well as an earlier timing of childbearing. This emancipation effect is hypothesized to decline across birth cohorts. We use data from the 2000 US census, the 2005 American Community Survey, the 2000 Chinese census, and the 2005 Chinese 1 percent Population Survey and discrete-time event history models to analyze first, second, and third births, and migration as joint processes, to account for selection effects. The results show that Chinese migrants to the United States had substantially higher childbearing probabilities after migration, compared with non-migrants in China, especially for second and third births. Moreover, our analyses indicate that the migration process is selective of migrants with lower fertility. Overall, the results show how international migration from China to the United States can lead to an increase in migrant women’s fertility, accounting for disruption, adaptation, and selection effects. The rapidly increased fertility after migration from China to the United States might have implications on other migration contexts where fertility in the origin country is dropping rapidly while that in the destination country is relatively stable.

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Mainstream Flavor: Ethnic Cuisine and Assimilation in the United States

Social Currents ◽

10.1177/2329496520948169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 64-85

Author(s):

Anna Boch ◽

Tomás Jiménez ◽

Katharina Roesler

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Cultural Change ◽

Culture Change ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

The United States ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Assimilation Process ◽

Restaurant Reviews ◽

Mexican Populations

Assimilation theories posit that cultural change is part and parcel of the assimilation process. That change can register in the symbols and practices that individuals invoke as part of an ethnic experience. But cultural change also includes the degree to which the mainstream takes up those symbols and practices as part of its composite culture. We develop a way to examine whether cuisine, an important component of ethnic culture, is part of the mainstream’s composite culture and the contextual factors associated with the presence of ethnic cuisine in the composite culture. We begin with a comparison of 761,444 reviews of Mexican, Italian, Chinese, and American restaurants across the United States from Yelp!, an online customer review platform. We find that reviews of Mexican restaurants mention ethnicity and authenticity much more than reviews of Italian and American restaurants, but less than reviews of Chinese restaurants, suggesting intermediate mainstreaming of Mexican cuisine. We then examine Mexican restaurant reviews in the 82 largest U.S. core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) to uncover the contextual factors associated with Mexican cuisine’s local mainstream presence. We find that Mexican food is less defined in ethnic terms in CBSAs with larger and more culturally distinct Mexican populations and at less-expensive restaurants. We argue that regional versions of the composite culture change as ethnic groups come to define a region demographically and culturally.

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