scholarly journals Combining satellite precipitation and long-term ground observations for hydrological monitoring in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (13) ◽  
pp. 6426-6443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejun Zhang ◽  
Qiuhong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Precipitation ◽  
Hydrological Monitoring

scholarly journals Global evaluation of gridded satellite precipitation products from the NOAA Climate Data Record program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier P. Prat ◽  
Brian R. Nelson ◽  
Elsa Nickl ◽  
Ronald D. Leeper
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Global Evaluation ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Satellite Precipitation ◽  
Data Record ◽  
Climate Data Record

AbstractThree satellite gridded daily precipitation datasets: PERSIANN-CDR, GPCP, and CMORPH, that are part of the NOAA/Climate Data Record (CDR) program are evaluated in this work. The three satellite precipitation products (SPPs) are analyzed over their entire period of record, ranging from over 20-year to over 35-year. The products inter-comparisons are performed at various temporal (daily to annual) and for different spatial domains in order to provide a detailed assessment of each SPP strengths and weaknesses. This evaluation includes comparison with in-situ data sets from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN-Daily) and the US Climate Reference Network (USCRN). While the three SPPs exhibited comparable annual average precipitation, significant differences were found with respect to the occurrence and the distribution of daily rainfall events, particularly in the low and high rainfall rate ranges. Using USCRN stations over CONUS, results indicated that CMORPH performed consistently better than GPCP and PERSIANN-CDR for the usual metrics used for SPP evaluation (bias, correlation, accuracy, probability of detection, and false alarm ratio among others). All SPPs were found to underestimate extreme rainfall (i.e. above the 90th percentile) from about -20% for CMORPH to -50% for PERSIANN-CDR. Those differences in performance indicate that the use of each SPP has to be considered with respect to the application envisioned; from the long-term qualitative analysis of hydro-climatological properties to the quantification of daily extreme events for example. In that regard, the three satellite precipitation CDRs constitute a unique portfolio that can be used for various long-term climatological and hydrological applications.

Comparison of two long-term and high-resolution satellite precipitation datasets in Xinjiang, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Yuhu Zhang ◽  
Qiuhua Chen ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Huirong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Precipitation

scholarly journals Field hydrological monitoring of a sloping shallow pyroclastic deposit

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Comegna ◽  
Emilia Damiano ◽  
Roberto Greco ◽  
Andrea Guida ◽  
Lucio Olivares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Soil Suction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Triggering Conditions ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Hydrological Monitoring ◽  
Term Response

Many mountainous areas in Campania, southern Italy, are characterized by steep slopes covered by unsaturated volcanic deposits. Shallow landslides are frequently triggered by intense and persistent rainfall events, often turning into debris flows that cause huge damage and casualties. Field hydrological monitoring is a useful tool to develop consistent models of slope response to rainfall, in terms of soil suction and moisture, and to define landslide triggering conditions. This is one of the reasons why since 2002 field monitoring is being carried out in Cervinara, around 50 km northeast of Naples. Since October 2009, rainfall height, soil suction and water content at several locations and depths along the slope are automatically being monitored. The data collected help to demonstrate the effectiveness of such a system for better understanding the hydrological processes occurring in similar slopes of Campania, allowing to distinguish between seasonal suction fluctuations, related to long-term meteorological forcing, and short-term response to rainstorms.

scholarly journals Long-term hydrological monitoring in arid-semiarid Almería, SE Spain. What have we learned?

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rodríguez-Caballero ◽  
R. Lázaro ◽  
Y. Cantón ◽  
J. Puigdefabregas ◽  
A. Solé-Benet
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Se Spain ◽  
Precipitation Patterns ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Hydrological Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

A combination of high temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity of rainfall, soil surfaces, and plant cover is the cause of the complex hydrological response in arid/semiarid regions. Under these premises, long-term monitoring is necessary to capture drivers controlling the response of these areas and to be able to model and predict their reaction. A succinct, up-to-date review of the databases and results produced by two representative micro-catchments in the most arid extreme of Europe, Almería (SE Spain), is presented with the aim to show how the different precipitation patterns, during a 20-year period, influence the hydrological behavior on different lithologies and soil surfaces. The problems encountered about the functioning of these experimental stations, including the generation and maintenance of long-term databases, is also reviewed.

The Mini Buoy: a novel hydrodynamics sensor for long-term deployments in coastal wetlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Ladd ◽  
Alejandra Vovides ◽  
Christian Schwarz ◽  
Gail Chmura ◽  
Mohammad Basyuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Mangrove Restoration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Centrifuge Tube ◽  
Waves And Currents ◽  
Hydrological Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

<p>Hydrological monitoring is crucial for management and research in coastal wetlands. However, long-term monitoring is scarce due to the high cost of conventional hydrological equipment. The development of open-source and low-power sensors over the past decade presents an opportunity for enabling long-term, high spatial resolution monitoring of hydrodynamics in the intertidal zone. Here, we present the design, calibration, and application of one such sensor: the Mini Buoy. The Mini Buoy is a battery-powered accelerometer and data logger, contained in a standard centrifuge tube. The Mini Buoy floats upright when inundated, and moves freely about a tether anchored to the substrate. Acceleration is measured along a single axis of the buoy, and motion along the axis is used to measure inundation, currents, and waves. Deployments of up to 6 months are possible, and the buoy can measure current and wave orbital velocities as low as 0.05 m/s. Mini Buoys cost less than €350 to assemble, and the materials are globally available. We present the successful application of Mini Buoys in four contrasting scenarios: (1) characterising waves under calm and stormy conditions; (2) linking saltmarsh erosion-expansion patterns with hydrological exposure; (3) identifying high-resolution spatial variability of waves and currents along a saltmarsh edge; and (4) assessing the suitability of former aquaculture ponds for mangrove restoration. Mini Buoys are also being deployed along mangrove fringes across Vietnam, India, and Bangladesh, in order to detect thresholds in hydrodynamic forcing responsible for triggering erosion or progradation events. Mini Buoys offer an exciting and novel tool for coastal management worldwide.</p>

scholarly journals Runoff generation in mountain catchments: long-term hydrological monitoring in the Rio Vauz Catchment, Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zuecco ◽  
D. Penna ◽  
M. Borga
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Environmental Tracers ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Threshold Response ◽  
Generation Mechanisms ◽  
Hydrological Monitoring

Trying to obtain a more detailed understanding of the hydrological functioning of mountain catchments represents an important challenge in the effort of counteracting possible consequences of climate and land use change on water resources availability. Long-term (> 10 years) hydro-meteorological monitoring in small (typically < 10 km2) experimental catchments constitutes a valuable tool to achieve these goal. One of these sites is the Rio Vauz Catchment (1.9 km2), in the Italian Dolomites, that represents an excellent example of long-term snowmelt-dominated catchment in Dolomitic regions. The strong elevation gradient of the Rio Vauz Catchment and the different physiographic properties of its nested subcatchments make this a unique site for investigating fundamental runoff generation mechanisms in mountain headwaters. In this work, we provide a review of physical processes that have been inferred from 12 years of hydrological monitoring in this catchment. We present the available dataset and summarize the main hydrological mechanisms that explain the internal functioning of the Rio Vauz Catchment, primarily focusing on three characterizing hydrological behaviours, namely thresholds, hysteresis and connectivity. The main control on surface and subsurface runoff threshold response is constituted by a combination of soil moisture antecedent conditions, rainfall amount and topography. Changes in hysteresis patterns (clockwise and anti-clockwise loops) between streamflow and soil moisture, water table depth and electrical conductivity were governed by distinct runoff generation processes and rainfall event characteristics. Hillslope-riparian-stream subsurface connectivity was controlled by antecedent wetness conditions and rainfall amount. The composition in environmental tracers (stable isotopes of water and electrical conductivity) in different water sources and the application of tracer-based mixing models helped to distinguish the geographical sources to runoff and to quantify the role of rainfall and snowmelt in streamflow. Finally, we define a perceptual model of runoff generation processes for dry and wet conditions that can be considered representative for many mountain headwater catchments in the world.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

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