Comparative study of the Martian suprathermal electron depletions based on Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Express, and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission observations

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 857-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Steckiewicz ◽  
P. Garnier ◽  
N. André ◽  
D. L. Mitchell ◽  
L. Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mars Global Surveyor ◽  
Mars Atmosphere ◽  
Mars Express ◽  
Suprathermal Electron

Solar Wind induced waves in the skies of Mars: Ionospheric compression, energization, and escape resulting from the impact of ultra-low frequency magnetosonic waves generated upstream of the Martian bow shock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn Collinson ◽  
Lynn Wilson III ◽  
Nick Omidi ◽  
David Sibeck ◽  
Jared Espley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ulf Waves ◽  
Mars Atmosphere ◽  
Transient Phenomena ◽  
Mars Express ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Atmospheric Loss ◽  
The Impact

<p>Using data from the NASA Mars Atmosphere and Voltatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) and ESA Mars Express spacecraft, we show that transient phenomena in the foreshock and solar wind can directly inject energy into the ionosphere of Mars. We demonstrate that the impact of compressive Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) waves in the solar wind on the induced magnetospheres drive compressional, linearly polarized, magnetosonic ULF waves in the ionosphere, and a localized electromagnetic "ringing" at the local proton gyrofrequency. The pulsations heat and energize ionospheric plasmas. A preliminary survey of events shows that no special upstream conditions are required in the interplanetary magnetic field or solar wind. Elevated ion densities and temperatures in the solar wind near to Mars are consistent with the presence of an additional population of Martian ions, leading to ion-ion instablities, associated wave-particle interactions, and heating of the solar wind. The phenomenon was found to be seasonal, occurring when Mars is near perihelion. Finally, we present simultaneous multipoint observations of the phenomenon, with the Mars Express observing the waves upstream, and MAVEN observing the response in the ionosphere. When these new observations are combined with decades of previous studies, they collectively provide strong evidence for a previously undemonstrated atmospheric loss process at unmagnetized planets: ionospheric escape driven by the direct impact of transient phenomena from the foreshock and solar wind.</p>

The lower dayside ionosphere of Mars in light of MEX MaRS radio science observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Peter ◽  
Martin Pätzold ◽  
Gregorio Molina-Cuberos ◽  
Francisco González-Galindo ◽  
Olivier Witasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Impact Ionization ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mars Atmosphere ◽  
Mars Express ◽  
Radio Science ◽  
The Individual

<p>   <img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gepj.a4004f2be2fe53228792951/sdaolpUECMynit/0202CSPE&app=m&a=0&c=0c4e6952561399e83d88c4d43fe544f2&ct=x&pn=gepj.elif" alt="">      <img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gepj.7660ec3be2fe56328792951/sdaolpUECMynit/0202CSPE&app=m&a=0&c=0b6ac6aff35b94d80887605627a854c0&ct=x&pn=gepj.elif" alt=""></p><p><strong>Figure 1: MEX-MaRS X-band observations of the dayside ionosphere of Mars for (a) Day of Year (DoY) 343 (2005) and (b) DoY 215 (2014).  Combined X- and S-band (differential Doppler) observations for (c) DoY 011 (2014) and (d) DoY 006 (2006). The gray dashed line indicates the noise level, while the black dashed line marks the lowest valid altitude of the individual observation (details about the parameter derivation in [2]).</strong></p><p>The Mars Express Radio Science experiment (MaRS) on board the Mars Express spacecraft has observed the Mars atmosphere and ionosphere since 2004. More than 900 high-resolution MaRS height profiles of the ionospheric electron density from the topside down to the ionospheric base are available.</p><p>The two dominant features of the undisturbed Martian dayside ionosphere are the main peak (M2), caused mainly by solar radiation in the Extreme Ultraviolet, and the secondary layer (M1), mostly formed by primary and secondary impact ionization of short solar X-rays < 10 nm [1]. The region below the M1 peak is highly variable and regularly contains merged excess electron density regions (Mm) in various shapes [2] (Figures 1).</p><p>More than 15 years of MaRS radio science observations are used to study the behavior of the lowest region of the Martian dayside ionosphere. Categories for the identified Mm shapes are defined and statistics of the individual Mm shape occurrences are provided. The 1-D photochemical model IonA-2 (Ionization in Atmospheres 2 [2]) is applied to investigate which of the identified Mm shapes can be reproduced by solar radiation of the quiet Sun and under solar M- and X-flare conditions.</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>  [1] Fox J. L. et al. (1996), Adv. Space Res., 17, 11, 203-218.</p><p>  [2] Peter K. (2018), PhD Dissertation, https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/8110/.</p>

The influence of crustal magnetic fields on the Martian bow shock : a statistical analysis of Mars Volatile EvolutioN and Mars Express observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Garnier ◽  
Christian Jacquey ◽  
Christian Mazelle ◽  
Xiaohua Fang ◽  
Jacob Gruesbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Mars Atmosphere ◽  
Mars Express ◽  
Shock Location ◽  
The Impact

<p>The Martian interaction with the solar wind is unique due to the influence of remanent crustal magnetic fields. The recent studies by the Mars Express and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution missions underline the strong and complex influence of the crustal magnetic fields on the Martian environment and its interaction with the solar wind. Among them is the influence on the dynamic plasma boundaries that shape this interaction and on the bow shock in particular.</p> <p>Compared to other drivers of the shock location (e.g. solar dynamic pressure, extreme ultraviolet fluxes), the influence of crustal magnetic fields are less understood, with essentially differences observed between the southern and northern hemispheres attributed to the crustal fields. In this presentation we analyze in detail the influence of the crustal fields on the Martian shock location by combining for the first time datasets from two different spacecraft (MAVEN/MEX). An application of machine learning techniques will also be used to increase the list of MAVEN shocks published to date. We show in particular the importance for analyzing biases due to multiple parameters of influence through a partial correlation approach. We also compare the impact of crustal fields with the other parameters of influence, and show that the main drivers of the shock location are by order of importance extreme ultraviolet fluxes and magnetosonic Mach number, crustal fields and then solar wind dynamic pressure.</p>

The magnetic field near Mars: A comparison between a hybrid model, Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Express observations

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-831
Author(s):  
H. Frilund ◽  
E. Kallio ◽  
M. Yamauchi ◽  
A. Fedorov ◽  
P. Janhunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Mars Global Surveyor ◽  
Mars Express ◽  
The Magnetic Field

scholarly journals Plasma boundary variability at Mars as observed by Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Express

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 3537-3550 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. T. Edberg ◽  
D. A. Brain ◽  
M. Lester ◽  
S. W. H. Cowley ◽  
R. Modolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Boundary ◽  
Mars Global Surveyor ◽  
Mars Express ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements

Abstract. We have used Mars Express (MEX) and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) simultaneous and non-simultaneous measurements to study the Martian plasma environment. In particular, we have derived quantitative expressions for the altitude of the terminator bow shock (BS) and magnetic pileup boundary (MPB) as functions of solar wind dynamic pressure, crustal magnetic fields and solar EUV flux. We have also studied the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) direction. Through simultaneous two-spacecraft case studies we have shown that the dynamic pressure has a strong influence on the location and shape of these boundaries, which is also confirmed through a large statistical study. A higher dynamic pressure pushes the boundaries downward. The IMF direction has a weaker but still significant influence on both boundaries and causes them to move outward in the hemisphere of locally upward electric field. However, the MPB in the Southern Hemisphere is found to actually move inward when the electric field is directed locally upward. The crustal magnetic fields in the Southern Hemisphere have a strong influence on the MPB and cause it to move to higher altitudes over strong crustal magnetic fields. The influence of the crustal magnetic fields on the BS is more ambiguous since there are few crossings over the strongest crustal fields, but there appears to be at least a small trend of a higher BS for stronger crustal fields. An increased solar EUV flux has been found to cause the BS to move outward and the MPB to move inward.

scholarly journals CO2 non-LTE limb emissions in Mars' atmosphere as observed by OMEGA/Mars Express

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Piccialli ◽  
M. A. López-Valverde ◽  
A. Määttänen ◽  
F. González-Galindo ◽  
J. Audouard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mars Atmosphere ◽  
Mars Express

An AOTF-based spectrometer for the studies of Mars atmosphere for Mars Express ESA mission

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Korablev ◽  
J.-L. Bertaux ◽  
A. Grigoriev ◽  
E. Dimarellis ◽  
Yu. Kalinnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mars Atmosphere ◽  
Mars Express

Modeling Mars' ionosphere with constraints from same-day observations by Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Express

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (A11) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mendillo ◽  
Anthony Lollo ◽  
Paul Withers ◽  
Majd Matta ◽  
Martin Pätzold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mars Global Surveyor ◽  
Mars Express
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