scholarly journals Turbulent Entrainment Into Volcanic Plumes: New Constraints From Laboratory Experiments on Buoyant Jets Rising in a Stratified Crossflow

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (20) ◽  
pp. 10,198-10,207 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Aubry ◽  
G. Carazzo ◽  
A. M. Jellinek
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Buoyant Jets ◽  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
Turbulent Entrainment

scholarly journals Vertical Round Buoyant Jets and Fountains in a Linearly, Density-Stratified Fluid

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Panos N. Papanicolaou ◽  
George C. Stamoulis
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Coefficient Function ◽  
Buoyant Jets ◽  
Asymptotic Values ◽  
Entrainment Coefficient ◽  
Source Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Negatively Buoyant ◽  
Negatively Buoyant Jets

Turbulent round buoyant jets and fountains issuing vertically into a linearly density-stratified calm ambient have been investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. The terminal (steady-state) height of rise and the mean elevation of subsequent horizontal spreading have been measured in positively buoyant jets (at source level), including pure momentum jets and plumes, as well in momentum-driven negatively buoyant jets (fountains). The results from experiments confirmed the asymptotic analysis that was based on dimensional arguments. The normalized terminal height and spreading elevation with respect to the elevation of injection of momentum-driven (positively) buoyant jets and fountains attained the same asymptotic values. The numerical results from the solution of entrainment equations, using an improved entrainment coefficient function, confirmed the results related to buoyancy dominant flows (plumes), while their predictions in momentum-driven flows were quite low if compared to measurements.

Turbulent Entrainment in Buoyant Jets and Plumes

1973 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1461-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. List ◽  
Jörg Imberger
Keyword(s):  
Buoyant Jets ◽  
Turbulent Entrainment

Turbulent entrainment: the development of the entrainment assumption, and its application to geophysical flows

1986 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 431-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Geophysical Flows ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
Turbulent Entrainment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Buoyancy Forces ◽  
Local Mean

The entrainment assumption, relating the inflow velocity to the local mean velocity of a turbulent flow, has been used successfully to describe natural phenomena over a wide range of scales. Its first application was to plumes rising in stably stratified surroundings, and it has been extended to inclined plumes (gravity currents) and related problems by adding the effect of buoyancy forces, which inhibit mixing across a density interface. More recently, the influence of viscosity differences between a turbulent flow and its surroundings has been studied. This paper surveys the background theory and the laboratory experiments that have been used to understand and quantify each of these phenomena, and discusses their applications in the atmosphere, the ocean and various geological contexts.

Discussion of “Turbulent Entrainment in Buoyant Jets and Plumes”

1974 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1180-1181
Author(s):  
Gerrit Abraham ◽  
Gerhard Jirka
Keyword(s):  
Buoyant Jets ◽  
Turbulent Entrainment

scholarly journals Unconfined Dense Plunging Jets Used for Brine Disposal from Desalination Plants

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Aaron C. Chow ◽  
Ishita Shrivastava ◽  
E. Eric Adams ◽  
Fahed Al-Rabaie ◽  
Bader Al-Anzi
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Buoyant Jets ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Plunging Jets ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Entrained Air ◽  
Neutrally Buoyant ◽  
Receiving Water

Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure entrained air bubble penetration depth and dilution of a dense vertical unconfined plunging jet to evaluate its performance as an outfall to dilute brine from desalination plants as well as a means to aerate water column. Experiments involved neutrally buoyant or dense plunging jets discharging in quiescent receiving water. The density difference between effluent and receiving water, the plunging jet length (height above water surface), and the receiving water salinity were varied in the experiments. Observed penetration depth for neutrally buoyant jets was somewhat greater than previously reported, and increased modestly with jet density. Increasing density also resulted in an increasing number of fine bubbles descending together with the dense plume. These observations can help guide the design of plunging jets to mitigate anoxic conditions in the water column when brine is introduced to a receiving water body, as with seawater desalination.

scholarly journals Laboratory experiments of forced plumes in a density-stratified crossflow and implications for volcanic plumes

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (24) ◽  
pp. 8759-8766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Carazzo ◽  
Frédéric Girault ◽  
Thomas Aubry ◽  
Hélène Bouquerel ◽  
Edouard Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Volcanic Plumes

scholarly journals Laboratory experiments on the interaction between inclined negatively buoyant jets and regular waves

2015 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 02018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Ferrari ◽  
Giorgio Querzoli
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Regular Waves ◽  
Buoyant Jets ◽  
Negatively Buoyant ◽  
Negatively Buoyant Jets

scholarly journals Mixing in a density-driven current flowing down a slope in a rotating fluid

2008 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
pp. 369-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA CENEDESE ◽  
CLAUDIA ADDUCE
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Rotating Fluid ◽  
Bottom Slope ◽  
Turbulent Entrainment ◽  
Dense Fluid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sloping Bottom

We discuss laboratory experiments investigating mixing in a density-driven current flowing down a sloping bottom, in a rotating homogenous fluid. A systematic study spanning a wide range of Froude, 0.8 < Fr < 10, and Reynolds, 10 < Re < 1400, numbers was conducted by varying three parameters: the bottom slope; the flow rate; and the density of the dense fluid. Different flow regimes were observed, i.e. waves (non-breaking and breaking) and turbulent regimes, while changing the above parameters. Mixing in the density-driven current has been quantified within the observed regimes, and at different locations on the slope. The dependence of mixing on the relevant non-dimensional numbers, i.e. slope, Fr and Re, is discussed. The entrainment parameter, E, was found to be dependent not only on Fr, as assumed in previous studies, but also on Re. In particular, mixing increased with increasing Fr and Re. For low Fr and Re, the magnitude of the mixing was comparable to mixing in the ocean. For large Fr and Re, mixing was comparable to that observed in previous laboratory experiments that exhibited the classic turbulent entrainment behaviour.

Large Eddy Simulation of gas–particle kinematic decoupling and turbulent entrainment in volcanic plumes

2016 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 143-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Cerminara ◽  
Tomaso Esposti Ongaro ◽  
Augusto Neri
Keyword(s):  
Large Eddy Simulation ◽  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Turbulent Entrainment ◽  
Large Eddy

scholarly journals Vertical Plane Buoyant Jets and Fountains in a Uniform Stagnant Ambient Revisited

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Minos ◽  
Panos N. Papanicolaou
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Coefficient Function ◽  
Buoyant Jet ◽  
Buoyant Jets ◽  
Entrainment Coefficient

Abstract Planar, vertical buoyant jets are of particular interest, both for research and practical purposes for being related to the disposal of the effluent from wastewater treatment plants or saline, a by-product from desalination plants into a body of stagnant fluid. Analytical, closed form solution is derived for plane buoyant jets based on a buoyant jet width parameter proposed by List and Imberger (1973), and compares to earlier laboratory experiments satisfactorily. The derived entrainment coefficient as a function of the local Richardson number of the flow, takes two asymptotic values for jet-like and plume-like flows, while in fountains it takes values lower than that in jets. Laboratory experiments were performed to measure the penetration height of vertical plane fountains with initial Froude number in the range 20 to 130 using shadowgraph and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) techniques. Interest was focused on the maximum and terminal, steady-state penetration height before the flow direction reversed. The flow was found to be in a state of unstable equilibrium, as it deviated from the vertical axis, swinging on either side. The equations of motion have been solved numerically using the derived entrainment coefficient function, and the results are congruent to earlier and present experiment for vertical fountains.

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