DNA Restriction Enzymes and RFLPs in Medicine

2006 ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Kant
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Dna Restriction Enzymes

DNA mimicry by proteins

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T.F. Dryden ◽  
M.R. Tock
Keyword(s):  
Double Helix ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Repair Enzymes ◽  
Phosphate Backbone ◽  
Dna Mimicry ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Dna Double Helix ◽  
Dna Restriction Enzymes

It has been discovered recently, via structural and biophysical analyses, that proteins can mimic DNA structures in order to inhibit proteins that would normally bind to DNA. Mimicry of the phosphate backbone of DNA, the hydrogen-bonding properties of the nucleotide bases and the bending and twisting of the DNA double helix are all present in the mimics discovered to date. These mimics target a range of proteins and enzymes such as DNA restriction enzymes, DNA repair enzymes, DNA gyrase and nucleosomal and nucleoid-associated proteins. The unusual properties of these protein DNA mimics may provide a foundation for the design of targeted inhibitors of DNA-binding proteins.

On the structure and operation of type I DNA restriction enzymes

1999 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham P Davies ◽  
Ina Martin ◽  
Shane S Sturrock ◽  
Andrew Cronshaw ◽  
Noreen E Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Dna Restriction Enzymes

Chromosomes and DNA of Anguilla anguilla: a study with restriction endonucleases

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cau ◽  
E. Coluccia ◽  
A. M. Deiana ◽  
G. Pichiri ◽  
R. Rossino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Repetitive Dnas ◽  
Fish Chromosomes ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Dna Restriction Enzymes

We have studied fixed chromosomes and purified DNA of Anguilla anguilla L. after digestion with HaeIII, AluI, MboI, and DdeI restriction endonucleases. Our data demonstrated (i) confirmation of the heteromorphic nature of NORs, (ii) absence of detectable sex chromosomes, and (iii) presence of discrete intercalary domains in this species. Our data also permitted us to hypothesize the existence of highly repetitive DNAs, localized in specific heterochromatic regions of A. anguilla chromosomes.Key words: fish, chromosomes, DNA, restriction enzymes.

scholarly journals Structure and operation of the DNA-translocating type I DNA restriction enzymes

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Kennaway ◽  
J. E. Taylor ◽  
C. F. Song ◽  
W. Potrzebowski ◽  
W. Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Dna Restriction Enzymes

Sexing beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) by means of DNA markers

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1971-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira W. Brown ◽  
Ree Helbig ◽  
Peter T. Boag ◽  
David E. Gaskin ◽  
Bradley N. White
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Gene Probe ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein Gene ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Free Ranging

Few methods are available for determining the sex of free-ranging individual whales, dolphins, and porpoises of species that are not obviously sexually dimorphic. We have developed a technique for sexing beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) by using a Y-chromosome-specific DNA restriction fragment. Genomic DNA was extracted from liver samples of 18 beluga whales (9 males, 9 females) sexed at dissection. DNA from males and females was digested with five restriction enzymes, electrophoresed, and transferred to membranes by Southern blotting. When probed with the labelled human Y-chromosome zinc finger protein gene probe pDP1007, male-specific bands and bands common to both sexes, but more intense in females than in males, were observed. The DNA digested with EcoRI provided the clearest sex-discriminating banding pattern. Even when DNA of various qualities digested with EcoRI was used, all the males showed a 3.4-kilobase (kb) band, presumably from the Y-chromosome, as well as a 2.1-kb band. Females showed the 2.1-kb band, but all lacked the 3.4-kb band. This 3.4-kb EcoRI male-specific band permits unambiguous sex determination, which will facilitate examination of sex-related differences in population structure and habitat use of belugas, which have important implications for management decisions.

Mitochondrial DNA variation in Drosophila pseudoobscura and related species in Pacific Northwest populations

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Hale ◽  
Andrew T. Beckenbach
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Tandem Duplications

We have analysed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Pacific Northwest populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura, D. persimilis, and D. miranda using six restriction enzymes. We find that HpaII restriction sites are hypervariable compared to the other enzymes used. This hypervariability allows construction of a maximum parsimony map linking each mtDNA genotype. Small insertions, possibly tandem duplications, appear to have arisen concomitantly with, or subsequent to, speciation events, perhaps within the A + T rich region. Convergence of mtDNA genotypes is also evident. Unlike findings for other populations of these species, we find little evidence of mitochondrial introgression between D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, despite their ability to produce fertile hybrid females.Key words: mitochondrial DNA, restriction endonucleases, Drosophila, evolution.

scholarly journals Geographic distribution of restriction types ofMycobacterium bovisisolates from brush-tailed possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Collins ◽  
G. W. De Lisle ◽  
D. M. Gabric
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Typing System ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Endonuclease Analysis

SUMMARYDNA restriction endonuclease analysis was used for intra-specific typing ofMycobacterium bovisisolates from 83 brush-tailed possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) obtained between 1982 and 1984 from the three major regions in New Zealand with endemic bovine tuberculosis. All the isolates were found to be genetically very similar. Differentiation of the isolates into 33 restriction types was achieved by using high-resolution electrophoresis and the combined results from separate digestions with the restriction enzymesBstEII,PvuII andBclI. The typing system was entirely reproducible. Isolates of the same type were usually found in adjacent localities and were always limited to one of the three major regions. In some cases, isolates of the same type were found in both 1982 and 1984. The phenotypic significance of the small genetic differences identified between different isolates is unknown. The typing system will be useful for monitoring the transmission ofM. bovisto other species and the future spread of differentM. bovistypes through possum populations.

scholarly journals THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG CYTOPLASMS OF TRITICUM AND AEGILOPS SPECIES. II. ON THE ORIGIN OF POLYPLOID WHEAT CYTOPLASMS AS SUGGESTED BY CHLOROPLAST DNA RESTRICTION FRAGMENT PATTERNS

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-171
Author(s):  
Koichiro Tsunewaki ◽  
Yasunari Ogihara
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Polyploid Wheat ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas

ABSTRACT In attempts to identify the phylogenetic donors of cytoplasm to Emmer-Dinkel and Timopheevi groups of wheat (Triticum), and the Aegilops kotschyi-Ae. variabilis complex, the restriction fragment patterns of chloroplast DNAs of representative species were compared with those of their putative diploid ancestors. The following seven restriction enzymes were used; BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, KpnI, PstI, SmaI and XhoI. The restriction fragment patterns of an Emmer and a Dinkel (common) wheat were identical with those of Ae. longissima, and different from those of Ae. aucheri, Ae. bicornis, Ae. searsii, Ae. sharonensis, Ae. speltoides, and T. urartu by 4 to 12 fragments. The restriction fragment patterns of a Timopheevi wheat were identical with those of Ae. aucheri, and different from those of all other diploids by four to nine fragments. The restriction fragment patterns of Ae. variabilis were identical to those of Ae. bicornis and Ae. searsii, and different from those of all other species. Thus, we have concluded that Ae. longissima, Ae. aucheri and Ae. bicornis (or Ae. searsii) were the cytoplasm donors to the Emmer-Dinkel and the Timopheevi groups, and the Ae. kotschyi-Ae. variabilis complex, respectively. A diphyletic origin of Emmer and Timopheevi groups is supported by the present results.

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