Mitochondrial DNA variation in Drosophila pseudoobscura and related species in Pacific Northwest populations

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Hale ◽  
Andrew T. Beckenbach
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Tandem Duplications

We have analysed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Pacific Northwest populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura, D. persimilis, and D. miranda using six restriction enzymes. We find that HpaII restriction sites are hypervariable compared to the other enzymes used. This hypervariability allows construction of a maximum parsimony map linking each mtDNA genotype. Small insertions, possibly tandem duplications, appear to have arisen concomitantly with, or subsequent to, speciation events, perhaps within the A + T rich region. Convergence of mtDNA genotypes is also evident. Unlike findings for other populations of these species, we find little evidence of mitochondrial introgression between D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, despite their ability to produce fertile hybrid females.Key words: mitochondrial DNA, restriction endonucleases, Drosophila, evolution.

scholarly journals A mitochondrial DNA PCR–RFLP marker for population studies of the black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Quinta ◽  
Laurentina Gomes ◽  
Ana Teia dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Dna Pcr

Abstract Black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo), a commercially valuable marine fish off Portugal and the Madeira Archipelago, was surveyed for mitochondrial DNA variation of part of the cytochrome b gene. In all, 51 fish from three Northeast Atlantic localities were examined using ten restriction enzymes. Overall nucleon diversity was 0.180. Genetic differentiation (θ=0.25) was significant; the Madeira Archipelago sample was distinguishable from samples from the other two localities. The approach should be useful for a more extensive study of black scabbardfish populations.

scholarly journals Molecular variation in chloroplast DNA regions in ancestral species of wheat.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
N T Miyashita ◽  
N Mori ◽  
K Tsunewaki
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Triticum Dicoccoides ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Triticum Timopheevi ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
D Values ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Regions

Abstract Restriction map variation in two 5-6-kb chloroplast DNA regions of five diploid Aegilops species in the section Sitopsis and two wild tetraploid wheats, Triticum dicoccoides and Triticum araraticum, was investigated with a battery of four-cutter restriction enzymes. A single accession each of Triticum durum, Triticum timopheevi and Triticum aestivum was included as a reference. More than 250 restriction sites were scored, of which only seven sites were found polymorphic in Aegilops speltoides. No restriction site polymorphisms were detected in all of the other diploid and tetraploid species. In addition, six insertion/deletion polymorphisms were detected, but they were mostly unique or species-specific. Estimated nucleotide diversity was 0.0006 for A. speltoides, and 0.0000 for all the other investigated species. In A. speltoides, none of Tajima's D values was significant, indicating no clear deviation from the neutrality of molecular polymorphisms. Significant non-random association was detected for three combinations out of 10 possible pairs between polymorphic restriction sites in A. speltoides. Phylogenetic relationship among all the plastotypes (plastid genotype) suggested the diphyletic origin of T. dicoccoides and T. araraticum. A plastotype of one A. speltoides accession was identical to the major type of T. araraticum (T. timopheevi inclusively). Three of the plastotypes found in the Sitopsis species are very similar, but not identical, to that of T. dicoccoides, T. durum and T. aestivum.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA variation, genotype fingerprinting and genetic relationships in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om P. Rajora ◽  
John D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Apocytochrome B ◽  
Nuclear Dna Variation ◽  
Mean Similarity

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nuDNA) variations were examined in six cultivars of Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris and two (mtDNA) or one (nuDNA) accession(s) of L. culinaris ssp. orientalis. Total leaf DNA was digested with up to 15 restriction endonucleases, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and trasferred to nylon membranes. To examine mtDNA variation, blots were probed with mtDNA coding for cytochrome c oxidase I (coxI) and ATPase 6 (atp6) of both wheat and maize as well as apocytochrome b (cob) and Orf25 (orf25) of wheat. Sixteen combinations of mtDNA probes and restriction enzymes revealed 34 fragments that discriminated between at least two lentil accessions. For nuDNA analysis, probes from cDNA and genomic DNA clones of lentil were used to probe the same blots, and identified 46 diagnostic fragments from 19 probe/enzyme combinations. Each lentil accession could be unequivocably distinguished from all others on the basis of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA fragment patterns. The mitochondrial restriction fragment similarities ranged from 0.944 to 0.989, with a mean of 0.970 but nuclear restriction fragment similarities varied from 0.582 to 0.987, with a mean of 0.743. The apparent genetic relationships among accessions differed according to the source of DNA examined, although the commercial varieties Laird, Brewer and Redchief showed similarly high levels of mean similarity with both nuclear (0.982) and mitochondrial DNA (0.983). Key words: Lens culinaris Medik., genetic variation, mitochondrial, nuclear, DNA, lentil

scholarly journals EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FIVE SUBSPECIES OF MUS MUSCULUS BASED ON RESTRICTION ENZYME CLEAVAGE PATTERNS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-816
Author(s):  
Hiromichi Yonekawa ◽  
Kazuo Moriwaki ◽  
Osamu Gotoh ◽  
Jun-Ichi Hayashi ◽  
Junko Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Cleavage ◽  
The Times

ABSTRACT The intra- and intersubspecific genetic distances between five subspecies of Mus musculus were estimated from restriction enzyme cleavage patterns or maps of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The European subspecies, M. m. domesticus and Asian subspecies, M. m. bactrianus, M. m. castaneus, M. m. molossinus and M. m. urbanus were examined. For each subspecies, except M. m. urbanus, at least two local races from widely separated localities were examined. Intrasubspecific heterogeneity was found in the mtDNA cleavage patterns of M. m. bactrianus and M. m. castaneus. M. m. molossinus and M. m. domesticus, however, revealed no intrasubspecific heterogeneity. Four of the subspecies had distinct cleavage patterns. The fifth, M. m. urbanus, had cleavage patterns identical to those of M. m. castaneus with several enzymes. Estimates of genetic distances between the various races and subspecies were obtained by comparing cleavage maps of the mtDNAs with various restriction enzymes. Nucleotide sequence divergences of mtDNA between local races were estimated to be less than 0.4% in M. m. bactrianus and less than 0.3% in M. m. castaneus. The times of divergence of both subspecies were calculated to be 0.1-0.2 × 106 years. These values suggest that the intrasubspecific divergence began some 0.1-0.2 × 106 years ago. On the other hand, nucleotide sequence divergences between European subspecies M. m. domesticus and Asian subspecies M. m. bactrianus and M. m. castaneus were 7.1% and 5.8%, respectively. The times of divergence were calculated to be 2.1-2.6 × 106 years. Further, the nucleotide sequence divergence and time of divergence between M. m. molossinus and the other two Asian subspecies were comparable to those between M. m. molossinus and M. m. domesticus (about 3% and 1 × 106 years, respectively). These results suggest that M. m. molossinus is situated in a unique evolutionary position among Asian subspecies.

Relatedness of three species of Agaricus inferred from restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ribosomal DNA repeat and mitochondrial DNA

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. A. Hintz ◽  
James B. Anderson ◽  
Paul A. Horgen
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Restriction Patterns ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat of Agaricus brunnescens (= A. bisporus) was cloned and mapped for six restriction endonucleases. The map positions of the 26S, 18S, and 5.8S rRNA genes on the 9.2 kilo base pairs (kbp) repeat were determined by alignment of sites conserved in the rRNA genes of other fungi. The rDNA restriction site maps for six isolates of A. brunnescens, five isolates of A. bitorquis, and three isolates of A. campestris were compared using cloned A. brunnescens (Ag 50) rDNA as a hybridization probe. The rDNA restriction patterns for all six A. brunnescens isolates were identical. The A. bitorquis and A. campestris isolates were subdivided into two groups each, according to rDNA restriction-site polymorphisms. The A. brunnescens and A. bitorquis rDNAs were distinguished by a 0.7 kbp length difference in the noncoding spacer between the 18S and 26S rRNA genes. Despite the almost perfect conservation of the coding region between species, the noncoding spacers of A. campestris and the other two Agaricus species were too divergent to propose a simple series of mutational events to account for the differences. Interstrain and interspecies variation in the mitochondrial DNA was also surveyed. Strain-specific mitochondrial DNA restriction patterns were recognized and fewer differences were observed between the A. brunnescens and A. bitorquis isolates than between A. campestris and the other two species.Key words: Agaricus brunnescens (= A. bisporus), Agaricus, rDNA, mitochondrial DNA, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

Mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA variation among members of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Diptera: Culicidae) species complex

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon E. Mitchell ◽  
Sudhir K. Narang ◽  
Andrew F. Cockburn ◽  
J. A. Seawright ◽  
Michael Goldenthal
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Restriction Patterns ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Anopheles Quadrimaculatus ◽  
Species Specific

The extent of intra- and inter-specific variation in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear ribosomal RNA gene restriction sites was determined for the four sibling species of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex. Individual mosquitoes were identified by allozyme analysis according to previously published keys, and the total genomic DNA of these same individuals was then cleaved with restriction enzymes. Restriction maps of mitochondrial DNA, including the positions of variable sites, were constructed for each species. No evidence for interspecific hybridization was found in the populations surveyed. There was little variation in restriction patterns within any given species, but differences occurred among the four. Three restriction enzymes (AvaI, HindIII, and PvuII) yielded species-specific DNA restriction patterns for the mitochondrial DNA, while AvaI and HindIII produced diagnostic patterns for the ribosomal DNA. Thus, restriction patterns were very useful for detecting cryptic species but less appropriate than isozymes for studying genetic structure of populations within species.Key words: mtDNA, rDNA, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, species complex, sibling species.

Systematic and Taxonomic Implications of Karyotypic, Electrophoretic, and Mitochondrial-Dna Variation in Peromyscus from the Pacific Northwest

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Hogan ◽  
M. C. Hedin ◽  
H. S. Koh ◽  
S. K. Davis ◽  
I. F. Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Taxonomic Implications

Mitochondrial DNA Variation among Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Strains Stocked into Lake Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2397-2403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Grewe ◽  
Charles C. Krueger ◽  
Charles F. Aquadro ◽  
Eldredge Bermingham ◽  
Harold L. Kincaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Mixed Stock ◽  
Haplotype Information

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation was examined in 492 fish representing six lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) strains used for stocking and restoring populations in Lake Ontario. mtDNA was extracted from 432 fish by a total DNA isolation protocol (CTAB). mtDNA was also extracted from 60 additional fish using the purification method of CsCl ultracentrifugation. The more rapid CTAB protocol made feasible analysis of sample sizes (n ≥ 80 per strain) required as baseline data for future mixed-stock analysis (MSA). Restriction enzymes AvaI, BamHI, HinfI, and TaqI resolved seven mtDNA haplotypes and were used to characterize fish from each of six strains (Clearwater, Jenny, Killala, Manitou, Seneca, and Superior). Frequencies of these haplotypes were significantly different among the six strains (p < 0.001). Differences between haplotype frequencies of the Killala and Superior strains were striking and permit greater discrimination of these strains than allozyme data. The level of differentiation observed among strains indicates that mtDNA haplotype information will enhance the ability of MSA to determine the hatchery strains that serve as parents to lake trout fry collected from Lake Ontario.

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