A Multilevel Model of Economic Stress and Employee Well-Being

Abstract Wealth, an important financial cushion for older adults to buffer economic stress, requires a longer time to accumulate and develop in one’s course of life. However, little is known about the trajectories of wealth in later life, and how the life course socioeconomic status (SES) may contribute to the development of wealth at old-age. This study investigated longitudinal patterns of wealth trajectory and whether SES across the life course affects these trajectories using critical period, accumulation, and social mobility models. Using data from 16,189 adults aged 51 and older from the 2004-2014 Health and Retirement Study, a growth mixture model was used to explore distinct wealth trajectories. Impacts of life course models were studied using multinomial logistic regression. Results showed that four heterogeneous latent classes of wealth were identified: Stable high (reference group), Low and increasing, Stable low, and High but decline. Disadvantaged adulthood SES, accumulated exposure to socioeconomic risks, and downward or persistent socioeconomic disadvantage over the life course were associated with Stable low, Low and increasing, and High but decline, supporting all three life course mechanisms on wealth development in later life. Evidence suggests that wealth development is heterogeneous across individuals, and a strong gradient effect of life-course SES on wealth trajectories are clearly observed. Programs and policies should address the effects of life course on wealth development to strengthen the economic well-being in later life.

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Population- and Individual-Level Changes in Life Satisfaction Surrounding Major Life Stressors

Social Psychological and Personality Science ◽

10.1177/1948550617727589 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 875-884 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bruce Doré ◽

Niall Bolger

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Multilevel Model ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Well Being ◽

Average Response ◽

Major Life ◽

Individual Level ◽

Spousal Loss ◽

Population Average ◽

Yearly Data

How do stressful life events impact well-being, and how does their impact differ from person to person? In contrast to work focusing on discrete classes of responding, the current study examines the adequacy of a model where responses to stressors are characterized by a population average and continuous variability around that average. Using decades of yearly data from a large German longitudinal study examining effects of divorce, spousal loss, and unemployment, we found that (1) in the overall population, life satisfaction was diminished for years preceding stressors and only incompletely recovered with the passage of time, and (2) there were large between-person differences around the average response, following normal and heavier-tailed continuous distributions rather than discrete classes. These findings provide a multilevel model of responses to stressors and suggest that individual differences can be understood in terms of continuous variation around what is typical for a given event and population.

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Spatial dependence multilevel model of well-being across regions in Europe

Applied Geography ◽

10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.12.005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 168-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Adi Cilik Pierewan ◽

Gindo Tampubolon

Keyword(s):

Spatial Dependence ◽

Multilevel Model ◽

Well Being

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Psychosocial Challenges and Opportunities for Youth With Chronic Health Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.23057 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Serlachius ◽

Sherif M Badawy ◽

Hiran Thabrew

Keyword(s):

Clinical Care ◽

Well Being ◽

Economic Stress ◽

School Closure ◽

Chronic Health Conditions ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Chronic Health ◽

Access To Health ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

UNSTRUCTURED School closures, altered access to health services, and economic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic have likely had an impact on the mental and physical well-being of youth worldwide, particularly among those with chronic health conditions (CHCs). A number of challenges and opportunities have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic for youth with CHCs. Challenges include heightened anxiety, disrupted routines, academic and social stresses associated with school closure, increased risk of domestic violence and abuse, and reduced access to physical and psychosocial support. On the other hand, opportunities include reduced academic and social stress, increased time with families, reduced access to substances, easier access to health care using technology, and opportunities to build resilience. This viewpoint paper highlights both challenges and opportunities for youth with CHCs during the pandemic and offers recommendations for further research and clinical care.

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Employee well-being in Chinese context:A multilevel model

Advances in Psychological Science ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1042.2017.02179 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 2179

Author(s):

Long XU ◽

Suying GAO ◽

Hongbo LIU ◽

Peng YANG

Keyword(s):

Multilevel Model ◽

Well Being

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Inconsistent curiosity: Augmentation and blunting of curiosity in daily life and implications for well-being

10.31234/osf.io/2vf94 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David M. Lydon-Staley ◽

Perry Zurn ◽

Danielle S Bassett

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Depressed Mood ◽

Multilevel Model ◽

Daily Life ◽

Daily Diary ◽

Well Being ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Multilevel Mediation ◽

Open Question

Curiosity promotes focused engagement in novel and challenging situations and the accruement of resources that promote well-being. A critical open question is the extent to which curiosity lability, the degree to which curiosity fluctuates over short timescales, impacts well-being. We use data from a 21-day daily diary protocol as well as trait measures collected prior to the daily diary in 167 participants (mean age = 25.37 years, SD = 7.34) to test (i) the importance of curiosity lability for depression, flourishing, and life satisfaction, (ii) day-to-day associations among curiosity and happiness, depressed mood, anxiety, and physical activity, and (iii) the extent to which day’s mood acts as a mediator between day’s physical activity and day’s curiosity. Regression analyses indicate positive associations among curiosity lability and depression, as well as negative associations among curiosity lability and life satisfaction, above and beyond trait curiosity. No evidence for an association between curiosity lability and flourishing emerge when controlling for trait curiosity. Multilevel model results indicate that curiosity is higher on days of greater happiness and physical activity, and that curiosity is lower on days of greater depressed mood. We observe no association between curiosity and anxiety. Multilevel mediation models indicate evidence consistent with day’s depressed mood and happiness as mediators between physical activity and curiosity. In sum, we find that greater consistency in curiosity is associated with well-being, identify several sources of augmentation and blunting of curiosity in daily life, and provide support for purported mechanisms linking physical activity to curiosity via mood.

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What Role Do Different Types of Social Support Play in Life Satisfaction Among Korean Older Adults in Retirement?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.096 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 30-30

Author(s):

Jihee Woo ◽

Hyojin Choi

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Older Adults ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Well Being ◽

Measurement Model ◽

Economic Stress ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Instrumental Support ◽

Appraisal Support ◽

Different Types

Abstract Individuals are taking more responsibility for their retirement. However, economic stress generated by inadequate planning may pose a grave threat to well-being in retirement. Drawing on stress theory, this study examined how different types of social support mediate the relationship between economic stress and life satisfaction. We used the data from the 2013 and 2014 Korean Retirement and Income Study. Our sample was restricted to older Korean adults in retirement 55 to 96 years of age who were head of household (N=1,672). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the measurement model for six latent constructs: 1) economic stress; 2) emotional support; 3) informational support; 4) instrumental support; 5) appraisal support; 6) life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test this hypothesized model. The results revealed that both measurement model (CFI=0.985, TLI=0.983, RMSEA=0.036, SRMR=0.035) and structural model (CFI=0.978, TLI=0.984, RMSEA=0.030, SRMR=0.039) fit the data well. Standardized results from the SEM model adjusting for sociodemographic variables showed that economic stress directly predicted life satisfaction (β=-0.39, p<0.001) and two of four social support types directly predicted life satisfaction (instrumental support β=0.29, p<0.001; appraisal support β=0.25, p=0.004). Analyses demonstrated that economic stress may lead to lower levels of life satisfaction directly and indirectly through its effect on instrumental (β=-0.07, p<0.001) and appraisal support (β=-0.04, p=0.013). These findings will help inform policymakers and institutions of the need to alleviate economic stress and increase particular types of support with potentially more serious impact on the well-being of older adults in retirement.

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