Formation of the information and instrumental space for decision-making in the resource-saving system in the value creation flow of an industrial enterprise

The article is devoted to the problems of building an information space for managing material resources in the flow of value creation by an industrial enterprise in the conditions of implementing a resource-saving strategy. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the choice of a method of information and instrumental support for the implementation of the functions of rationing, budget planning, control of the execution of estimated tasks, analysis of key indicators of the state of material costs in order to make decisions on the rational use and economy of the latter, reduction (elimination) of excess technological waste and losses. The research presented in the article is based on the application of a systematic approach; structural-functional and statistical types of analysis; methods of observation, graphical visualization, grouping and systematization of data; decomposition, aggregation, comparison and economic interpretation. The results of the study showed significant effectiveness of the application in the management practices of enterprises of the real sector of the economy of the author’s proposed set of techniques and methods of information and instrumental support for the functions of rationing, budget planning, control, economic interpretation and analysis of key indicators of material costs involved in the value creation flow, in order to build a transparent space for making managerial decisions to maintain a resource-saving strategy. The article presents the author’s clarification of the concept of resource saving, which served as the methodological basis for the proposed methods and methods for reducing the resources under consideration, reducing (eliminating) excess technological waste and losses. The practical significance of the tools proposed by the author lies in the fact that the proposed tools will ensure an increase in the efficiency of developing and implementing solutions for the rational use and reasonable economy of material resources in all processes of the value stream, reduce technological waste and losses, reduce material consumption and, consequently, the cost of production, increase the profitability and competitiveness of the business of the enterprise of the real sector of the economy. The directions of future research should be integrated management of all types of resources at each stage of the operational cycle, implemented in a digital format using artificial intelligence systems in real time without the direct participation of the user.

Multidimensional Measure of Instrumental Support in Transitional Care – Design and Pilot Test of a Questionnaire Assessing Instrumental Support Among Older Adults With Chronic Diseases

Background: Previous studies indicated that poor quantity and quality of instrumental support are one of the main barriers in the application of transitional care. Instrumental support, as one common function of social support, is the provision of financial assistance, material goods, or services. The purpose of our study is to develop a Instrumental Support in Transitional Care Questionnaire (ISTCQ), and use this questionnaire to make an assessment among older adults with chronic diseases. Methods: The draft questionnaire was examined by 18 experts from different professional fields performing three rounds of content validity testing with Delphi method. Afterwards, we conducted a pilot test recruiting 174 participants as a convenience sample in Nantong, China. The construct validity was confirmed via exploratory factor analysis and reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Results: The authority coefficient of experts was 0.74-0.99 and Kendall harmony coefficient W was 0.381. The exploratory factor analysis indicated that the questionnaire can be interpreted by three factors: namely, anticipated support (items 1, 2, 3, 4), received support (items 5, 6, 7, 8) and support satisfaction (items 9, 10, 11, 12). These three factors (eigenvalues > 1 and factor loading > 0.4) explained 69.128% of the total variance. Furthermore, the calculation of Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability have showed good reliability among each dimension of the 12-item questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha 0.711–0.827, test-retest reliability 0.704-0.818). Conclusion: Results from the pilot test demonstrated excellent reliability and validity of ISTCQ through each dimension and as an entire.

Early Intergenerational Relationships and Later Support Provided to Older Parents: Time-to-Death as a Contingency

This paper focuses on whether stronger relationships with parents early in the family lifecycle results in adult children providing more support to them 45 years later, and whether this association is contingent on parents’ remaining years of life. We test time-to-death of parents as an indicator of vulnerability, an easy to ascertain and potentially powerful predictor of support. Data derived from the Longitudinal Study of Generations, a panel of three-generation families, originally fielded in 1971 and continuing to 2016. Focusing on the youngest generation (mean age = 19 in 1971), the analytic sample consists of 356 child-father relationships 473 child-mother relationships. We examined trajectories of instrumental support provided to parents over four waves between 1997 and 2016 as a function of each parent’s remaining years of life (mortality data from the National Death Index). We also examined variation in those trajectories based on frequency of shared activities and intensity of emotional closeness in 1971. Ordinal multi-level growth curve analysis revealed that proximity to death was a significant predictor of instrumental support provided over time. Only in child-father relationships did greater emotional closeness, as expressed in 1971, produce stronger associations between remaining years of life and provision of instrumental support. Findings are discussed in terms of understanding intergenerational dynamics that unfold over many decades and the utility of time-to-death as an alternative metric for assessing vulnerability. This research is timely in light of growing uncertainty about the family as a reliable source of care in later life, particularly for older men.

Parental Support for Speech Delay in Early Childhood in Kalisari Village, Natar District, South Lampung Regency

This study was aims to explore, describe, and analyze parent support for the speech delay early childhood. This study used to the qualitative method of the research subject is both parents of children who experience speech delay in Kalisari village. This study was used to three methods of data collection, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analyze used to descriptive qualitative. Based on the results of the discussion that has been described it can be concluded that parent support that has been given to children who experience speech delay is informational support, assessment support, instrumental support, emotional social support, and real support. Of the five supports, the researchers concluded that the support often used by subjects was informational support, namely parents provided support through the provision of good advice and advice, giving instructions by installing pictures in the refrigerator so that the twins could understand the food taken and want to say food they took, and provided information by taking the twins for a walk to get a new vocabulary.

The Mediating Effect of Social Support of Older Korean Adults’ Volunteering on the Relational and Life Satisfaction

For older adults wanting to maintain good health and stay active after retirement, volunteering is an important activity. Social capital is important factor for volunteering. Social support as a social capital, is a contributing factor that is important and needed by older adults who volunteer. Also as a result from volunteering, older adults can increase their social support through volunteering. This study examined whether emotional and instrumental social support mediate volunteering on both relational and life satisfaction. This study used the 6th additional wave of the Korean Retirement and Income Study (2016). Subjects for this study are over 60 years old and the sample size is 280. For data analysis Baron and Kenny's triangular regression analysis and the Sobel test were used for data analysis. Demographic variables were controlled. Volunteer variables such as volunteering asked by others or self-motivated, whether only one type of volunteering or more, professional volunteering, and volunteer hours were used as independent variables. Emotional and instrumental social support were used as mediators. Relationship satisfaction and life satisfaction variables were used as dependent variables. Emotional and instrumental support partially mediate volunteering asked by others to influence relational and life satisfaction. In addition, emotional support and instrumental support mediate “more than one kind of volunteering” to influence relationship satisfaction. As such, emotional and instrumental support through volunteering has a mediating effect on relationship satisfaction and life satisfaction.

Marital Support Reciprocity and Life Satisfaction Among Older Koreans

The importance of reciprocity in social support for well-being has been shown, but few studies have investigated marital support reciprocity in older Korean samples. This study examined the associations between three types of marital support reciprocity and life satisfaction, stratified by age and gender. The sample consisted of 1,578 men and 1,464 women from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans, divided into young-old (65-74) and old-old (75+) groups (M age = 75.06, SD = 6.35). Participants self-reported emotional, instrumental, and physical support provided to and received from spouses, and life satisfaction (LS). Regression models controlling for covariates showed that results varied by age and gender. For young-old males, received emotional and provided instrumental support were positively associated with LS. For young-old females, both received and provided emotional support, and received instrumental support, were positively associated with LS, but provided physical support showed negative associations. For old-old males, providing emotional support was positively associated with LS; for old-old females, only received emotional support was significant. Using interaction terms to assess reciprocity, young-old females and old-old males showed reciprocity effects for instrumental support. When participants provided and received high levels of support, life satisfaction levels were high. However, when participants provided low levels of support, received support was not significant. Thus, the effects of receipt and provision of support on LS varied by age and gender among older Koreans, but reciprocity of instrumental support was only important for young-old women and old-old men.

Associations between postpartum depression and assistance with household tasks and childcare during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from American mothers

Background The early postpartum period is recognized cross-culturally as being important for recovery, with new parents receiving increased levels of community support. However, COVID-19-related lockdown measures may have disrupted these support systems, with possible implications for mental health. Here, we use a cross-sectional analysis among individuals who gave birth at different stages of the pandemic to test (i) if instrumental support access in the form of help with household tasks, newborn care, and care for older children has varied temporally across the pandemic, and (ii) whether access to these forms of instrumental support is associated with lower postpartum depression scores. Methods This study used data from the COVID-19 And Reproductive Effects (CARE) study, an online survey of pregnant persons in the United States. Participants completed postnatal surveys between April 30 – November 18, 2020 (n = 971). Logistic regression analysis tested whether birth timing during the pandemic was associated with odds of reported sustained instrumental support. Linear regression analyses assessed whether instrumental support was associated with lower depression scores as measured via the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression survey. Results Participants who gave birth later in the pandemic were more likely to report that the pandemic had not affected the help they received with household work and newborn care (p < 0.001), while access to childcare for older children appeared to vary non-linearly throughout the pandemic. Additionally, respondents who reported that the pandemic had not impacted their childcare access or help received around the house displayed significantly lower depression scores compared to participants who reported pandemic-related disruptions to these support types (p < 0.05). Conclusions The maintenance of postpartum instrumental support during the pandemic appears to be associated with better maternal mental health. Healthcare providers should therefore consider disrupted support systems as a risk factor for postpartum depression and ask patients how the pandemic has affected support access. Policymakers seeking to improve parental wellbeing should design strategies that reduce disease transmission, while facilitating safe interactions within immediate social networks (e.g., through investment in COVID-19 testing and contact tracing). Cumulatively, postpartum instrumental support represents a potential tool to protect against depression, both during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Social Support and Living Situation of Older Adults With Hip-Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Sustaining a hip-fracture is a life-changing event negatively affecting older adults. Although, social support is a known determinant of health outcomes, the relationship between social support and living situation of older adults with hip fracture remains under researched. For this study social support is conceptualized using the Finfgeld-Connett framework, where social support is seen as being composed of emotional and instrumental support. The objectives were to examine the relationship between two domains of social support and living situation: 1) after discharge; 2) 3-months after discharge; and 3) 6-months after discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation facility in a sample of older adults with hip fracture. Emotional support was measured as frequency of interaction with someone one week prior to hip fracture, whereas instrumental support was measured as help received in instrumental activities of daily living. Logistic regression was performed to examine the association between social support and living situation. Majority of study participants (N=139) were older (mean age 81.31), female (77.70%), had no cognitive impairment (68.35%), were not married (58.99%), and lived with someone (51.80%) in their own house (71.95%). Older adults with more emotional support were more likely to be discharged home, however little can be said about the effect of the association (OR 6.80, 95% CI 1.08, 22.31, P&lt;.001). Persons receiving more instrumental support had less odds of living at home 3-months (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21, 0.78; P=.007) and 6-months after discharge (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38, 0.91, P=0.017). Social support is important for older adults during recovery.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Intergenerational Support: Results Based on the Health and Retirement Study COVID-19 Module

This study examined relationships between COVID-19 exposure and intergenerational support patterns. The data was from the 2020 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) COVID-19 Module (N=3266). The latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the types of intergenerational support based on respondents’ reports on whether they provided and received financial and instrumental support from either coresident children or non-coresident children. Two classes were identified, namely, the high interaction group and the low interaction group. Logistic regression showed that respondents who had COVID-19 and had increased spending as a result of COVID-19 were more likely to be in the high interaction group. Other types of COVID-19 exposure, i.e., knowing someone being diagnosed or knowing someone who died from COVID-19 were not significant.

Effects of Different Types of Perceived Social Support on Changes in Subjective Health among Older Adults: A Focus on Gender Differences

Purpose: This longitudinal study aimed to investigate which types of perceived social support are associated with changes in subjective health over time among Korean older adults. We further explored whether these associations vary by older adults' gender.Methods: The current study examined 3,650 older adults drawn from additional survey data of the 6th and 7th waves of the Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS). Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression analyses.Results: Higher perceived instrumental and emotional supports significantly associated with less decline in subjective health over 2 years. Gender only moderated the association between emotional support and changes in subjective health. That is, higher emotional support associated with less decline in subjective health among older women, but not among older men.Conclusion: These findings suggest that instrumental support is the strongest predictor of older adults' changes in health over time, indicating the need for public supports for those who lack instrumental support from their social ties. Health promotion programs for older women should aim to enhance their perceived emotional support to protect them from faster declines in subjective health over time.