The Role of Southeast Sulawesi PPPKMI in Strengthening Health Promotion Strategies As a Covid-19 Response Effort

Covid-19 is now one world pandemic and efforts health promotion strategies have a very large role to prevent the spread of Covid-19. PPPKMI is a professional organization of health promotion workers who play an important role in strengthening health promotion strategies in Southeast Sulawesi in efforts to overcome Covid-19 . The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the Southeast Sulawesi PPPKMI professional organization in strengthening health promotion strategies as an effort to overcome Covid-19. This type of study is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach using data collection techniques through observation and in-depth interviews, tracing documents and processed by content analysis. Research informants are PPPKMI administrators, PPPKMI partners, and health promotion workers under the PPPKMI professional organization. According to the results of the study, it was found that the empowerment activities carried out by PPPKMI consisted of self-efficacy and health literacy. Atmosphere Development, consisting of appraisal support, tangiable support, self-esteem support. Advocacy is carried out by providing recommendations to local governments with various prevention recommendations so that this pandemic does not spread further. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is PPPKMI professional organization in strengthening health promotion strategies as a Covid-19 response effort in Southeast Sulawesi in 2021 is carried out using three ways, namely empowerment activities, atmosphere building activities and advocacy activities. All activities are carried out by PPPKMI According to important tasks and goals of activity according to the established laws.

Social Support and Diabetes Management Among Older American Indians

We examined social support among older American Indians in relation to their diabetes management. In-depth interviews were conducted with 28 participants aged ≥ 60 years who were members of a federally-recognized tribe. We examined professionally transcribed audio recordings with a systematic text analysis approach. Main sources of social support were family/friends, clinicians/formal services, community/culture, and spiritual/God. Most of the support was instrumental in nature, including food shopping, meal preparation, and medication management. Social support had both positive and negative influences diabetes management while there were some participants who lacked support. The four main social support types were present, including instrumental, emotional, informational, appraisal support. Value orientations among American Indian families command lateral-group relational behavior rather than autonomy and independence with extended social systems fostering interdependence. A deeper understanding is needed of how social relationships can be better leveraged to aid in the effective diabetes management among older American Indians.

QOLP-24. COMBATING EMOTIONAL DISTRESS AND SOCIAL ISOLATION IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR FAMILIES: A CASE STUDY OF A NATIONAL NONPROFIT’S IMPLEMENTATION OF A PEER INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE

Interpersonal and emotional support issues present some of the deepest and most pervasive challenges for patients and families. In the Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation’s 2018 Community Health Needs Assessment report (n=900), family survey respondents cited patient anxiety and depression as the greatest challenge patients face in nearly one in three cases, with isolation lagging not far behind. Beyond patients, interpersonal and emotional issues represent the dominant category of challenges for families as well. Many parents stated they felt guilty thinking about their problems, as the patient’s suffering far exceeded their own, and nearly half reported often neglecting their own well-being at considerable personal cost. To combat these interpersonal and emotional support issues, the Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation launched a national intervention in 2020 titled the Peer to Peer Mentoring Program. The program matches patients or family members with trained mentor volunteers who have experience facing the challenges that come with a pediatric brain tumor diagnosis. The theoretical framework used to design the intervention is the Social Support theory. This theory is based on the work of House (1981) who defines social support as the functional content of relationships and categorizes four broad types of supportive behaviors: emotional support, instrumental support, informational support and appraisal support (Glanz, Rimer & Viswanath, 2008). The case study explores the technology platform employed to track matches; how matches are made; how mentors are recruited and trained; how mentees are recruited; and how mental health support is provided to mentors. Analysis of peer meeting logs elucidates key themes that emerge in peer encounters as well as key program challenges and how they are being overcome. This theoretical and practical presentation will define the interpersonal and emotional support issues families face, describe the peer intervention’s goals and objectives, and report on insights gained and outcomes achieved.

The Role of Family Support in the Recovery of Corona Virus Disease-19 Patients

BACKGROUND: Families have an important role in prevention for patients who are positive for coronavirus diseases (COVID)-19 with mild symptoms and without symptoms to recover. Support such as providing positive information, moral reinforcement, and special time given by the family is thought to strengthen mental health and can increase the immunity of the patient. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of family support in the recovery of COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Used was observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were 30 people who had family members diagnosed with COVID-19 and lived in one house and 30 patients recovered from COVID-19 in the islands of Java and Kalimantan. Data analysis used Fisher’s exact test and calculated the prevalence ratio to determine the most dominant role. RESULTS: The results showed that the p-value of the relationship between family support and the recovery of COVID-19 patients was 0.023, and the p-value of the relationship between components and the recovery of COVID-19 patients was emotional support (0.048), appreciation or appraisal support (0.007), informational support (0.023), and instrumental support (0.034). The prevalence ratio for each of these components was emotional support (PR = 0.714), followed by instrumental support (0.667), informational support (0.600), and appreciation or appraisal support (PR = 0.333). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant role between family supports in the recovery of COVID-19 patients. Emotional support is the strongest component that plays a role in recovery of COVID-19 patients.

Family support and quality of life of schizophrenia patients

Schizophrenia remains a global issue. More than half of those living with schizophrenia have yet to receive appropriate treatment that led to the impeded of their recovery and the low quality of life. This study aimed to understand the relationship between familial supports with the quality of life (QOL) of persons with schizophrenia. The cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 161 outpatients at 13 community health centers (puskesmas). Family support and quality of life data were collected by interviewing the respondents with the Friedman’s family support questionnaire and WHO quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Subsequently, data was analyzed using logistic regression. The respondents have a mean age of 45 years, mostly males, have completed high school, mostly unemployed and unmarried. Instrumental (AOR=3.177; 95%CI 1.01-9.91) and appraisal support (AOR=7.620; 95%CI 2.83-20.4) were significantly associated with QOL. Conversely, no significant relationship was found between emotional (AOR=1.345; 95%CI 0.46-3.88) and informational (AOR=2.515; 95%CI 0.85-7.42) support toward QOL. Employment, being married and not experiencing relapse were significantly related to QOL. Instrumental support and appraisal support are important factors in determining the quality of life of persons with schizophrenia. Hence, the government needs to expand the roles of family and community to support these roles.

The Healthcare Needs of Families Caring for Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem. Families need to meet healthcare needs during the treatment of TB sufferers. This study aims to identify healthcare needs of families caring for patients with the disease. The cross-sectional study involved 83 families caring for TB patients. The research was conducted at a Primary Healthcare Center in an urban area in West Java. The results revealed that 60.2% of caregivers were 18–40 years old, 60.2% were female, 51.8% were senior high school educated, 43.4% were housewives, 86.7% had an income under the regional minimum wage, and 55.4% had cared for the TB patients for 3–6 months. The families had healthcare needs for emotional support (mean 33.72, SD 4.16); information support (mean 33.28, SD 4.09); instrumental support (mean 32.4, SD 3.73); and appraisal support (mean 28.01, SD 5.93). The greatest support need was how to encourage clients to take treatment completely (Score: 140); TB treatment information (Score: 138); financial support for chest x-ray costs (Score: 114); and how to assess patient behavior in maintaining health (score: 133). Based on the study result, the families need to improve their ability to give appraisal support during the patient's treatment. The identification of families’ healthcare needs in caring for patients with pulmonary TB can provide primary data for developing innovative programs integrated with DOTS programs in healthcare services to improve family support.Abstrak Kebutuhan Perawatan Kesehatan Keluarga yang Merawat Pasien Tuberkulosis. Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat global. Keluarga harus memenuhi kebutuhan perawatan kesehatan selama pengobatan pada pasien TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan perawatan kesehatan pada keluarga yang merawat pasien TB. Penelitian cross-sectional ini melibatkan responden sebanyak 83 keluarga yang merawat pasien TB. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di sebuah Puskesmas di Kota Depok, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini melaporkan sebanyak 60,2% berusia 18–40 tahun, 60,2% perempuan, 51,8% lulus sekolah menengah atas, 43,4% ibu rumah tangga, 86,7% pendapatan di bawah upah minimum regional, 55,4% merawat pasien TB selama 3–6 bulan. Keluarga memiliki kebutuhan perawatan kesehatan untuk dukungan emosional (rerata 33,72, SD 4,16), dukungan informasi (rerata 33,28, SD 4,09), dukungan instrumental (rerata 32,4, SD3,73), dukungan penghargaan (rerata 28,01, SD 5,93). Kebutuhan tertinggi yaitu bagaimana mendorong pasien melakukan pengobatan secara tuntas (140), informasi pengobatan TB (138), dukungan keuangan untuk biaya pemeriksaan rontgen (114), dan bagaimana mengkaji perilaku pasien dalam mempertahankan kesehatan (133). Keluarga membutuhkan peningkatan kapasitas dalam memberikan dukungan penghargaan selama pengobatan pasien. Kebutuhan akan perawatan kesehatan pada keluarga yang merawat pasien TB dapat dijadikan data dasar dalam mengembangkan program inovatif terintegrasi dengan program DOTS di fasilitas layanan kesehatan dalam meningkatkan dukungan pada pasien TB. Kata kunci: keperawatan keluarga, sistem dukungan, Tuberkulosis paru

Web-Based Peer Support Interventions for Adults Living With Chronic Conditions: Scoping Review

Background Globally, 1 in 3 adults live with multiple chronic conditions. Thus, effective interventions are needed to prevent and manage these chronic conditions and to reduce the associated health care costs. Teaching effective self-management practices to people with chronic diseases is one strategy to address the burden of chronic conditions. With the increasing availability of and access to the internet, the implementation of web-based peer support programs has become increasingly common. Objective The purpose of this scoping review is to synthesize existing literature and key characteristics of web-based peer support programs for persons with chronic conditions. Methods This scoping review follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for scoping reviews guidelines. Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Chronic diseases identified by the Public Health Agency of Canada were included. Our review was limited to peer support interventions delivered on the web. Peers providing support had to have the chronic condition that they were providing support for. The information abstracted included the year of publication, country of study, purpose of the study, participant population, key characteristics of the intervention, outcome measures, and results. Results After duplicates were removed, 12,641 articles were screened. Data abstraction was completed for 41 articles. There was a lack of participant diversity in the included studies, specifically with respect to the conditions studied. There was a lack of studies with older participants aged ≥70 years. There was inconsistency in how the interventions were described in terms of the duration and frequency of the interventions. Informational, emotional, and appraisal support were implemented in the studied interventions. Few studies used a randomized controlled trial design. A total of 4 of the 6 randomized controlled trials reported positive and significant results, including decreased emotional distress and increased health service navigation, self-efficacy, social participation, and constructive attitudes and approaches. Among the qualitative studies included in this review, there were several positive experiences related to participating in a web-based peer support intervention, including increased compassion and improved attitudes toward the individual’s chronic condition, access to information, and empowerment. Conclusions There is limited recent, high-level evidence on web-based peer support interventions. Where evidence exists, significant improvements in social participation, self-efficacy, and health-directed activity were demonstrated. Some studies incorporated a theoretical framework, and all forms of peer support—emotional, informational, and appraisal support—were identified in the studies included in this review. We recommend further research on web-based peer support in more diverse patient groups (eg, for older adults and chronic conditions outside of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and HIV or AIDS). Key gaps in the area of web-based peer support will serve to inform the development and implementation of future programs.

‘She come like a sister to me’: a qualitative study of volunteer social support for disadvantaged women in the transition to motherhood in England

This qualitative study explores the ways in which disadvantaged women benefit from social support from a trained volunteer during pregnancy and the postnatal period, using the theoretical frameworks of stress and coping and a multi-dimensional model of social support. Forty-seven mothers took part in semi-structured interviews. The mothers, who had received social support through nine volunteer projects in England, faced many potentially stressful challenges besides having a baby (such as poverty, poor housing, histories of abuse, motherhood at a young age, living with physical or mental health difficulties, migration and insecure immigration status). Analysis was in two distinct stages: first, an inductive thematic analysis of mothers' experiences, and second, mapping of the results onto the theoretical frameworks chosen. Volunteers built relationships of trust with mothers and gave skilled emotional support, positive appraisal support, informational support and practical support according to mothers’ individual needs, thereby assisting mothers exposed to multiple stressors with problem-focused, emotion-focused and perception-focused coping. This helped to reduce social isolation, increase effective access to services and community resources, and build mothers' confidence, self-esteem and self-efficacy. Volunteer social support may have particular salience for mothers who lack structural support and need skilled functional support. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Multidisciplinary perspectives on social support and maternal–child health’.

Measuring supports from learning assistants that promote engagement in active learning: evaluating a novel social support instrument

Background Active learning supports student performance, but can be challenging to implement in large courses. The Learning Assistant (LA) Program is a growing intervention to support students in large active learning classrooms. This program places advanced undergraduates who have training in pedagogical methods in active learning classrooms to interact with and support students during in-class activities. LAs increase student performance, but the mechanism behind this is still unclear. Social support is a promising framework to help elucidate the types and extent of assistance LAs provide to students and begin exploring the “how” behind LAs effectiveness. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument measuring undergraduate students’ perceptions of the social supports for active learning available to them in the classroom. This instrument was based on both the broader social support literature and the literature on what factors encourage students to engage deeply in active learning. To provide initial evidence of validity, the instrument was completed in six sections of General Chemistry I at one R1 university. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to determine the internal structure of the instrument. Then the instrument’s relationship to engagement in active learning was evaluated as another form of validity evidence. Results These analyses best supported a three-factor instrument that included five items representing supportive feedback provided during active learning (appraisal support), eight items representing emotional support during active learning, and six items representing the communications of norms and values related to active learning (informational support). All three factors were individually correlated with three measures of engagement. In regression analyses with all three factors measured together, only informational support predicted changes in two of the three measures of engagement. Conclusions This study supports the use of the Perception of Social Supports for Active Learning (PSSALI) instrument to understand students’ perceptions of the supports they are receiving to engage in active learning in chemistry courses. One implication of this work is that in order to increase engagement, learning assistants should clearly communicate the value of active learning and the classroom norm of active participation.

Systematic review of illness uncertainty management interventions for cancer patients and their family caregivers

Purpose Illness uncertainty pervades individuals’ experiences of cancer across the illness trajectory and is associated with poor psychological adjustment. This review systematically examined the characteristics and outcomes of interventions promoting illness uncertainty management among cancer patients and/or their family caregivers. Methods PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were systematically searched for relevant literature. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies focusing on interventions for uncertainty management in cancer patients and/or their family caregivers. Results Our database searches yielded 26 studies. Twenty interventions were only offered to cancer patients, who were mostly elder, female, and White. All interventions included informational support. Other intervention components included emotional support, appraisal support, and instrumental support. Most interventions were delivered in person and via telephone (n = 8) or exclusively in person (n = 7). Overall, 18 studies identified positive intervention effects on illness uncertainty outcomes. Conclusion This systematic review foregrounds the promising potential of several interventions—and especially multi-component interventions—to promote uncertainty management among cancer patients and their family caregivers. To further improve these interventions’ effectiveness and expand their potential impact, future uncertainty management interventions should be tested among more diverse populations using rigorous methodologies.