Treatment of Preneoplastic Lesions of the Lung

AbstractPrimary ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasms (Ov-NENs) are infrequent and mainly represented by well-differentiated forms (neuroendocrine tumors — NETs — or carcinoids). Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (Ov-NECs) are exceedingly rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature. A subset of Ov-NECs are admixed with non-neuroendocrine carcinomas, as it occurs in other female genital organs, as well (mostly endometrium and uterine cervix), and may be assimilated to mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) described in digestive and extra-digestive sites. Here, we present a case of large cell Ov-NEC admixed with an endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary, arising in the context of ovarian endometriosis, associated with a uterine endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH). We performed targeted next-generation sequencing analysis, along with a comprehensive immunohistochemical study and FISH analysis for TP53 locus, separately on the four morphologically distinct lesions (Ov-NEC, endometrioid carcinoma, endometriosis, and EAH). The results of our study identified molecular alterations of cancer-related genes (PIK3CA, CTNNB1, TP53, RB1, ARID1A, and p16), which were present with an increasing gradient from preneoplastic lesions to malignant proliferations, both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components. In conclusion, our findings underscored that the two neoplastic components of this Ov-MiNEN share a substantially identical molecular profile and they progress from a preexisting ovarian endometriotic lesion, in a patient with a coexisting preneoplastic proliferation of the endometrium, genotypically and phenotypically related to the ovarian neoplasm. Moreover, this study supports the inclusion of MiNEN in the spectrum ovarian and, possibly, of all gynecological NENs, among which they are currently not classified.

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Highly metastatic claudin-low mammary cancers can originate from luminal epithelial cells

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23957-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patrick D. Rädler ◽

Barbara L. Wehde ◽

Aleata A. Triplett ◽

Hridaya Shrestha ◽

Jonathan H. Shepherd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Triple Negative ◽

Molecular Subtype ◽

Ras Signaling ◽

Preneoplastic Lesions ◽

Independent Manner ◽

Oncogenic Ras ◽

Luminal Epithelial Cells

AbstractClaudin-low breast cancer represents an aggressive molecular subtype that is comprised of mostly triple-negative mammary tumor cells that possess stem cell-like and mesenchymal features. Little is known about the cellular origin and oncogenic drivers that promote claudin-low breast cancer. In this study, we show that persistent oncogenic RAS signaling causes highly metastatic triple-negative mammary tumors in mice. More importantly, the activation of endogenous mutant KRAS and expression of exogenous KRAS specifically in luminal epithelial cells in a continuous and differentiation stage-independent manner induces preneoplastic lesions that evolve into basal-like and claudin-low mammary cancers. Further investigations demonstrate that the continuous signaling of oncogenic RAS, as well as regulators of EMT, play a crucial role in the cellular plasticity and maintenance of the mesenchymal and stem cell characteristics of claudin-low mammary cancer cells.

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Screening of TERC gene amplification as an additional genetic diagnostic test in detection of cervical preneoplastic lesions

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics ◽

10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.01.005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 195 (1) ◽

pp. 19-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Nadja Kokalj-Vokač ◽

Tatjana Kodrič ◽

Alenka Erjavec-Škerget ◽

Andreja Zagorac ◽

Iztok Takač

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Test ◽

Gene Amplification ◽

Preneoplastic Lesions

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Antioxidant and Chemopreventive Effect of Aliophen® Formulation Based on Malts and Hops

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Idolo Tedesco ◽

Carmela Spagnuolo ◽

Stefania Bilotto ◽

Angelo A. Izzo ◽

Francesca Borrelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ldl Oxidation ◽

Preneoplastic Lesions ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Chemopreventive Effect ◽

The One ◽

Higher Doses

Experimental and clinical studies evidenced the health effects of moderate consumption of beer, mainly due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, vitamins, or fibers. To exploit the potential beneficial effect on health and in disease prevention of these compounds, a new beverage based on barley malts and hops named Aliophen® has been designed, through a patented production process, with a high total polyphenolic amount compared to alcohol-free beer and similar to the one present in light and dark beers. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of Aliophen® against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and its ability to protect erythrocytes from hemolysis have been characterized. Moreover, the chemopreventive effect of Aliophen® against colon cancer has been assessed, employing a mouse model of chemically induced carcinogenesis using azoxymethane (AOM). Data obtained showed that Aliophen at a low dose (3 mg/kg) inhibited the formation of preneoplastic lesions, polyps, and tumors. At higher doses (300 mg/kg) the protective effect was measured in the first phase of the onset of cancer. The antioxidant properties of Aliophen® were also observed in AOM-treated mice where it increased the serum antioxidant capacity. Based on the data presented, Aliophen® can exert promising health effects, including an anticancer capacity presumably associated with its antioxidant properties.

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