Method for Removal of Mercury from Oil Field Brine with Calcium Carbonate Co-precipitation

2014 ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Fazlollahi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Zarei ◽  
Maryam Seied Habashi ◽  
Larry L Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Co Precipitation

Calcium Carbonate and Cellulose/Calcium Carbonate Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Ming Guo Ma ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Lian Hua Fu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Co Precipitation

CaCO3 has six polymorphs such as vaterite, aragonite, calcite, amorphous, crystalline monohydrate, and hexahydrate CaCO3. CaCO3 is a typical biomineral that is abundant in both organisms and nature and has important industrial applications. Cellulose could be used as feedstocks for producing biofuels, bio-based chemicals, and high value-added bio-based materials. In the past, more attentions have been paid to the synthesis and applications of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites due to its relating properties such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and biodegradation, and bioactivity, and potential applications including biomedical, antibacterial, and water pretreatment fields as functional materials. A variety of synthesis methods such as the hydrothermal/solvothermal method, biomimetic mineralization method, microwave-assisted method, (co-) precipitation method, and sonochemistry method, were employed to the preparation of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites. In this chapter, the recent development of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites has been reviewed. The synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites are summarized. The future developments of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites are also suggested.

Morphology-Controlled CaCO3 Nanostructures by Modified Co-Precipitation in Pulsed Mode

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
M.M. Nassar ◽  
Taha Ebrahiem Farrag ◽  
M.S. Mahmoud ◽  
Sayed Abdelmonem
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Pulsed Mixing

Calcium carbonate nanoparticles and nanorods were synthesized by precipitation from saturated sodium carbonate and calcium nitrate aqueous solutions through co precipitation method. A new rout of synthesis was done by both using pulsed mixing method and controlling the addition of calcium nitrate. The effect of the agitation speed, and the temperature on particle size and morphology were investigated. Particles were characterized using X-ray Microanalysis, X-ray analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that increasing the mixer rotation speed from 3425 to 15900 (rpm) decreases the average particle size to 64±7 nm. A rapid nucleation then aggregation induced by excessive shear force phenomena could explain this observation. Moreover, by increasing the reaction temperature, the products were converted from nanoparticle to nanorods. The maximum attainable aspect ratio was 6.23 at temperature of 75°C and rotation speed of 3425. Generally, temperature raise promoted a significant homoepitaxial growth in one direction toward the formation of calcite nanorods. Overall, this study can open new avenues to control the morphology of the calcium carbonate nanostructures.

CaCO3 Nanopowder Production by Co-Precipitation of Aerosols of Precursor Solutions of Na2CO3 and CaCl2

2020 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Sukhbaatar Enkhtor ◽  
Mongol Batpurev ◽  
Orgilsaikhan Gerelmaa ◽  
Sambuu Munkhtsetseg ◽  
Norovsambuu Tuvjargal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Reaction Tube ◽  
Co Precipitation

Submicron-sized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles were prepared using an aerosol method in which two commercial air humidifiers containing 0.05 M of Na2CO3 and CaCl2 aqueous solutions were utilized as aerosol suppliers. Two streams of aerosols evaporated from the separate humidifiers were allowed to meet in 17-meter long, spiral reaction tube where collisions between two types of droplets containing precursor reagents leaded to grow of CaCO3 particles and precipitate onto the inner walls. XRD and SEM analysis revealed that CaCO3 particles were formed in calcite phase almost entirely.

Real-Time and In-Situ Detection of Calcium Carbonate Scale in a West Texas Oil Field

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Smith ◽  
M. Yuan ◽  
T.H. Lopez ◽  
M. Means ◽  
J.L. Przybylinski
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
West Texas ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Scale

Attchment/Release of Phosphonate to/from a CaCO3 Surface in Supersaturated Brines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Amy T. Kan ◽  
Mason B. Tomson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Flowback Water ◽  
High Supersaturation ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Theoretical Limitation

Abstract One of the most intractable concerns when engineers try to reuse the produced water as frac fluid in the Bakken and some other shale plays is the scale formation caused by the incompatibility of produced water with additives in the frac fluids and with the formation. In order to obtain a more efficient scale treatment for a successful hydraulic fracing that handles the extraordinary amount of water with high supersaturation level, the better understanding of inhibitor retention and release in the production system is urgent. To explore the mechanism of attachment/release of phosphonate to/from a mineral surface, calcite supersaturated feed solutions with different diethylenetriamine penta (DTPMP) concentrations were introduced into the steel tubing that was internally pre-coated with a thin layer of CaCO3. It is unveiled that DTPMP attachment was dominated by the precipitation of calcium phosphonate solid once the solution is supersaturated with Ca3H4DTPMP (pKsp=53.5), and the total amount of DTPMP attached on the calcite surface added up with the increasing supersaturation of Ca3H4DTPMP. The co-precipitation of CaCO3 and Ca3H4DTPMP has facilitated the attachment of the inhibitor with the increase of supersaturation of CaCO3. The retained phosphonate was released from the surface with a steady and low level inhibitor concentration over extended period of time. Combining with the kinetics of calcium carbonate precipitation in the presence of inhibitor, a 1500 gram of calcium phosphonate precipitation can protect the scaling for about 100 days (100 bbl/day) when the saturation index of calcium carbonate (SIcalcite) is as high as 1.3. The results provide a better understanding of calcium-phosphonate-carbonate interaction, and show the phosphonate inhibitor can continuously accumulate on the carbonate and slowly dissolve. We anticipate this study can shed a light on how much inhibitor can be delivered to the unconventional reservoir as well as the theoretical limitation of inhibitor return in the flowback water.

scholarly journals Co-precipitation of calcium carbonate and barium carbonate at high temperature.

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko YOKOFUJITA ◽  
Yuko ISHII ◽  
Kazuyoshi TAKIYAMA
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Co Precipitation

scholarly journals Effect of Divalent Cations (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Sr) on Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation and Mineralogical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Kim ◽  
Sunki Kwon ◽  
Yul Roh
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Calcium Carbonates ◽  
Mineralogical Properties ◽  
Co Precipitation

Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a bio-geochemical process involving calcium carbonate precipitation and possible co-precipitation of other metals. The study investigated the extent to which a urease-positive bacterium, Sporosarcina pasteurii, can tolerate a range of metals (e.g., Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Sr), and analyzed the role of calcium carbonate bioprecipitation in eliminating these divalent toxicants from aqueous solutions. The experiments using S. pasteurii were performed aerobically in growth media including urea, CaCl2 (30 mM) and different metals such Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd (0.01 ∼ 1 mM), and Sr (1 ∼ 30 mM). Microbial growth and urea degradation led to an increase in pH and OD600, facilitating the precipitation of calcium carbonate. The metal types and concentrations contributed to the mineralogy of various calcium carbonates precipitated and differences in metal removal rates. Pb and Sr showed more than 99% removal efficiency, whereas Cu, Zn, and Cd showed a low removal efficiency of 30∼60% at a low concentration of 0.05 mM or less. Thus the removal efficiency of metal ions during MICP varied with the types and concentrations of divalent cations. The MICP in the presence of divalent metals also affected the mineralogical properties such as carbonate mineralogy, shape, and crystallinity.

scholarly journals Co-Deposition Mechanisms of Calcium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate Scale in Produced Water

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Yan Yan ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Jiayu Song ◽  
Chengtun Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Salt Crystallization ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
Pure Material ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Scale ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Scale

Co-precipitation of mineral-based salts during scaling remains poorly understood and thermodynamically undefined within the water industry. This study focuses on investigating calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate mixed precipitation in scaling. Scaling is often observed in the produced water supply as a result of treatment processes. Co-precipitation results were compared with experimental results of a single salt crystallization. Several parameters were carefully monitored, including the electrical conductivity, pH value, crystal morphology and crystal form. The existence of the calcium carbonate scale in the mixed system encourages the loose calcium sulfate scale to become more tightly packed. The mixed scale was firmly adhered to the beaker, and the adhesion of the co-deposition product was located between the pure calcium sulfate scale and the pure calcium carbonate scale. The crystalline form of calcium sulfate was gypsum in both pure material deposition and mixed deposition, while the calcium carbonate scale was stable in calcite form in the pure material deposition. In the co-deposition, apart from calcite form, some calcium carbonate scale crystals had metastable vaterite form. This indicated that the presence of SO42− ions reduced the energy barrier of the calcium carbonate scale and hindered its transformation from a vaterite form to a calcite one, and the increase in HCO3− content inhibited the formation of calcium sulfate scale.

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