Nasal Patency and the Aerodynamics of Nasal Airflow in Relation to Olfactory Function

2015 ◽  
pp. 353-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Richard E. Frye
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Nasal Patency

Airflow and the Nasal Cycle: Nasal Patency Fluctuations after Laryngectomy

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Fisher ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Valerie J. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
Postoperative Time ◽  
The Mean

A periodic fluctuation in nasal patency or “nasal cycle” is observed in the majority of adults but has not hitherto been demonstrated in individuals after diversion of nasal airflow. Acoustic rhinometry, a highly sensitive technique which does not require airflow, provided the opportunity to evaluate this situation in patients who had undergone laryngectomy. We examined 21 postoperative individuals (mean postoperative time 4 years) and 14 control subjects matched for age (including 2 patients prelaryngectomy). Acoustic rhinometry was performed serially over 3–8 hours to determine minimum cross-sectional area and nasal cavity volume as indices of nasal patency. Fluctuations in nasal patency were observed in all laryngectomees and controls. These were classified as classical (reciprocal alternating), in concert (parallel) or irregular. The distribution of the control and laryngectomy subjects between the cycle categories was not statistically significant (Fisher's exact test: P > 0.05). The mean periodicity of the cycle was similar in the two groups (controls: 180 minutes, laryngectomees: 176 minutes), but the mean amplitude was significantly less in the laryngectomy group (68 versus 96 cm3; P < 0.07 Mann-Whitney U test). The nasal cycle can continue after cessation of airflow, but it is diminished in amplitude. Therefore, afferent input from nasal airflow receptors may continue to play a role in modulating the cycle's periodicity and amplitude, but are not responsible for generating the underlying cycle phenomenon.

Obstruction of the nasal valve

1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy Elwany ◽  
Hossam Thabet
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Lateral Cartilage ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Nasal Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Lateral Cartilage ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObstruction of the nasal valve is an important cause of chronic nasal obstruction in adults. In a series of 500 patients, obstruction at the level of the nasal valve was diagnosed in 65 of them (13 per cent). The obstruction was unilateral in 57 patients (88 per cent). Forty-seven patients (72 per cent) had history of previous nasal surgery of accidental trauma. Causes of obstruction of the nasal valve included high septal deviations, a weak or deformed upper lateral cartilage, adhesions, and alar collapse. All patients underwent corrective nasal surgery and the surgical procedures were tailored according to the existing pathology. Post-operatively, the mean nasal patency score increased from 2.9 to 8.6, the mean nasal airflow increased from 579.5 to 727 cm/sec (at 150 Pa), and the mean nasal resistance decreased from 0.31 to 0.23 Pa/cm3sec-1.

Acoustic Rhinometry in the Study of the Acute Nasal Allergic Response

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton Zweiman ◽  
Richard Doty ◽  
Andrew P. Lane ◽  
Donald C. Lanza ◽  
Hun-Jun Dhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Allergic Response ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Airway Caliber ◽  
Nasal Allergen Challenge

Acoustic rhinometry is a recently developed method for the objective assessment of nasal patency. In this study, acoustic rhinometry was used to measure changes in nasal cavity dimensions in the immediate response to nasal allergen challenge in eight pollen-sensitive subjects. Acoustic rhinometric changes were compared with subjective symptoms, as well as histamine in nasal secretions, cytology of nasal mucosal scrapings, and changes in olfactory function. A significantly greater decrease in nasal airway caliber occurred following allergen challenge as compared to buffer diluent challenge in the same individuals (70% ± 1% versus 22% ± 5%). During an allergic response, a strong correlation was found between the minimum cross-sectional area and the volume of the nasal cavity measured by acoustic rhinometry (r = .9). However, no correlation was observed between nasal airway caliber and concomitant subjective congestion reported by the subjects. Amodest decrease in olfactory function was seenfollowing allergen challenge (3.1 ± 1.4 fewer odors identified correctly out of 20; p = .08). However, the alterations of olfactory function did not correlate with changes in nasal patency. The results presented in this study demonstrate that acoustic rhinometry has great potential as a reproducible method for the objective assessment of nasal obstruction occurring in nasal allergen challenge studies.

Exercise and nasal patency

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Forsyth ◽  
P. Cole ◽  
R. J. Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Sudden Decrease

Nasal airflow resistances were studied in 20 healthy subjects at rest, with exercise, and during recovery from exercise. Resistances were first measured under resting conditions. As a basis for comparison 0.1% xylometazoline was applied by insufflation; it reduced nasal resistance by an average of 49%. On a subsequent occasion, the degree and time course of changes in resistance were measured 1) during 5-min exercise bouts at rest 25, 50, and 75% of predicted maximum O2 intake (VO2max), 2) during 5-, 10-, and 15-min exercise bouts at 50% of VO2max, and 3) during recovery from exercise. Resistance decreased with intensity but not duration of exercise; an initial sudden decrease was followed by a more gradual but progressive decrease, which continued for several minutes following vigorous short duration exercise. Thus following 5 min of effort at 75% of VO2max, resistance reached a nadir (46% fall) 5 min after cessation of exercise. Recovery of preexercise values required 5 min after 5 min of exercise at 25% of VO2max and 10 min after 5 min of exercise at 50% of VO2max. Some decrease persisted 15 min after 5 min of exercise at 75% of VO2max.

Olfaction and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 359-368
Author(s):  
Richard L. Doty
Keyword(s):  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Odor Detection Threshold ◽  
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Olfactory Anatomy ◽  
Function Information ◽  
Multiple Chemical

In this paper, a description of olfactory anatomy is presented, followed by a brief review of modern procedures for testing olfactory function. Information from the sole study which has quantitatively examined olfactory function in patients with apparent multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is presented. In essence, this study suggests that MCS is associated with increased nasal airflow resistance, respiration rate, heart rate, and scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, but not with significant changes in odor detection threshold sensitivity to phenyl ethyl alcohol and methyl ethyl ketone, the two target stimuli evaluated. Whether MCS patients evidence hypersensitivity to other chemicals is unknown.

Determinants and Evaluation of Nasal Airflow Perception

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Hur ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Donald Leopold ◽  
Bozena Wrobel ◽  
Jasper Shen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Airway Patency

AbstractThe sensation of nasal airflow, or nasal airway patency, is an important consideration in the treatment outcome of nasal airway obstruction. Clinicians striving to optimize the nasal passageway have relied on techniques aimed at decreasing peak airway resistance across nasal valves. Nonetheless, the evaluation of the nasal airway is multifaceted, and the objective determinants of subjective nasal patency remain incompletely elucidated. While rhinomanometry, peak nasal inspiratory airflow, and acoustic rhinometry have traditionally been used in research to focus on resistance as a measure of patency, an emerging body of evidence suggests that subjective nasal patency is more significantly correlated to the dynamic change of nasal mucosal temperature. The objective of this review is to provide the technical background on nasal airflow perception and intranasal trigeminal function as crucial to those performing functional and aesthetic rhinosurgery.

Nasal Patency and Its Assessment

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Cole
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Airflow Resistance

The propagation of nasal airflow resistance and its indispensable role in the modification of inspiratory air is described. Aerodynamic features and principles of rhinomanometric techniques which are commonly involved in the assessment of nasal patency are outlined. The clinical value of rhinomanometry is discussed in the light of the Toronto experience with several thousand patients.

Nasal airflow: resistance and sensation

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 909-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Jones ◽  
D. J. Willatt ◽  
L. M. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Objective Measure ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Airflow Resistance ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Two Parameters

AbstractFor many years nasal resistance to airflow measured by rhinomanometry has been regarded as the objective measure of nasal patency. However, recently it has become apparent that this may not be the case.The present study was designed to affirm or refute this view by using large numbers of subjects and observations.Five hundred estimations of (objective) nasal resistance to airflow and (subjective) nasal sensation of airflow where carried out.No correlation could be demonstrated between these two parameters.It is concluded nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation of airflow are two separate modalities which are not directly related. The possible reasons for this finding are discussed with reference to previous work on nasal sensation.

Objective Assessment of Nasal Patency

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristeidis Giotakis ◽  
Peter Tomazic ◽  
Herbert Riechelmann ◽  
Julia Vent
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Objective Measurements

AbstractThe aim to objectify nasal airflow and patency is ongoing—many methods have been suggested, often lacking clinical relevance or showing weak correlations with patients' symptoms. It is crucial to thoroughly consult our patients presenting with nasal obstruction—and to inform them about realistic possible surgical outcomes. Often, a perfect-looking internal nose with a straight septum and normal-appearing turbinates does not guarantee a happy, symptom-free “owner.” A review of the literature and the current technical market is presented here to facilitate the rhinosurgeon's decision to perform pre- and postoperative objective measurements of nasal airflow. Recommendations by the societies have been included.

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