Determination of the Surface Free Energy of Skin and the Factors Affecting it by the Contact Angle Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-143
Author(s):  
Davide Rossi ◽  
Antonio Bettero
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Angle Method

scholarly journals On factors affecting surface free energy of carbon black for reinforcing rubber

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangyong Zhang ◽  
Ruipeng Zhong ◽  
Ruoyu Hong ◽  
David Hui
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Chromatographic Column ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

AbstractThe surface activity of carbon black (CB) is an important factor affecting the reinforcement of rubber. The quantitative determination of the surface activity (surface free energy) of CB is of great significance. A simplified formula is obtained to determine the free energy of CB surface through theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation. The surface free energy for four kinds of industrial CBs were measured by inverse gas chromatography, and the influential factors were studied. The results showed that the aging time of the chromatographic column plays an important role in accurate measurement of the surface free energy of CB, in comparison with the influences from the inlet pressure and carrier gas flow rate of the chromatographic column filled with CB. Several kinds of industrial CB were treated at high temperature, and the surface free energy of CB had a significant increase. With the increase of surface free energy, the maximum torque was decreased significantly, the elongation at break tended to increase, the heat generation of vulcanizates was increased, and the wear resistance was decreased.

Determining the Surface Free Energy of Cellulose Materials with the Powder Contact Angle Method

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenka Peršin ◽  
Karin Stana-Kleinschek ◽  
Majda Sfiligoj-Smole ◽  
Tatjana Kre ◽  
Volker Ribitsch
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Angle Method ◽  
Cellulose Materials

Determination of Components of Cassiterite Surface Free Energy from Contact Angle Measurements

1993 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jańczuk ◽  
J.M. Bruque ◽  
M.L. González-Martı́n ◽  
J.Moreno del Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements

Determination of Surface Free Energy and Contact Angle for Hydrolyzed Shellac

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kraisit ◽  
S. Limmatvapirat ◽  
J. Nunthanid ◽  
Manee Luangtana-Anan ◽  
K. Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Polar Group ◽  
Sessile Drop Technique ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Polar Force ◽  
Drop Technique

The purpose of this research was to determine surface free energy and contact angle of hydrolyzed shellac by using sessile drop technique. It is a method for determination of contact angle by placing a drop of liquid on a substrate and the surface free energy is then calculated by using the Wus equation. The substrate in this study was the hydrolyzed shellac prepared by hydrolysis of the native shellac at various times; 0, 15, 30 and 45 min using 2.0 %w/w sodium hydroxide. Water, formamide and ethylene glycol were liquids used for the investigation of the contact angle and surface free energy. The effect of hydrolysis time tended to reduce the contact angle and increase in the total surface free energy and polar force of hydrolyzed shellac. The result could be due to the breaking of the ester bonds of shellac during the hydrolysis process causing the higher free carboxyl group giving the higher polar group indicating by higher polar force and surface free energy. Therefore, the contact angle and surface free energy detected by sessile drop technique could be of benefit for the determination of hydrolysis process.

scholarly journals Some problems of characterization of a solid surface via the surface free energy changes

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 647-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Chibowski
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Receding Contact

During the processes occurring at a solid surface, the changes in the surface free energy take place. The knowledge about surface free energy is very helpful for understanding the processes taking place on the surface. However, experimental determination of solid surface free energy is still not a fully solved problem. In this paper, some problems dealing with calculation of solid surface free energy from contact angle are discussed based on literature values of advancing and receding contact angles measured on four different fluoropolymers surface. The four approaches most often used for the calculation are described and especial focus on the approach in which both the advancing and receding contact angles is paid. It is concluded that using probing liquids the absolute value of solid surface free energy cannot be determined. However, the determined apparent values of the energy are very helpful to understand the conditions necessary for a given process to occur.

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