scholarly journals On factors affecting surface free energy of carbon black for reinforcing rubber

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangyong Zhang ◽  
Ruipeng Zhong ◽  
Ruoyu Hong ◽  
David Hui
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Chromatographic Column ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

AbstractThe surface activity of carbon black (CB) is an important factor affecting the reinforcement of rubber. The quantitative determination of the surface activity (surface free energy) of CB is of great significance. A simplified formula is obtained to determine the free energy of CB surface through theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation. The surface free energy for four kinds of industrial CBs were measured by inverse gas chromatography, and the influential factors were studied. The results showed that the aging time of the chromatographic column plays an important role in accurate measurement of the surface free energy of CB, in comparison with the influences from the inlet pressure and carrier gas flow rate of the chromatographic column filled with CB. Several kinds of industrial CB were treated at high temperature, and the surface free energy of CB had a significant increase. With the increase of surface free energy, the maximum torque was decreased significantly, the elongation at break tended to increase, the heat generation of vulcanizates was increased, and the wear resistance was decreased.

Determination of the Carbon Black Surface Free Energy Components from the Heat of Immersion Measurements

Langmuir ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5991-5994 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. González-Martín ◽  
B. Jańczuk ◽  
L. Labajos-Broncano ◽  
J. M. Bruque
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Heat Of Immersion ◽  
Carbon Black Surface ◽  
Black Surface ◽  
Energy Components

Determination of Components of Cassiterite Surface Free Energy from Contact Angle Measurements

1993 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jańczuk ◽  
J.M. Bruque ◽  
M.L. González-Martı́n ◽  
J.Moreno del Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements

INFLUENCE OF SURFACE FREE ENERGY ON ADHESION OF CrN THIN FILM DEPOSITED BY AIP METHOD

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIKARU NOUDA ◽  
HIROATSU ODA ◽  
DAISUKE YONEKURA ◽  
RI-ICHI MURAKAMI
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Ion Bombardment ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Scratch Testing ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between adhesion of CrN thin film and the surface free energy of substrate. CrN film was deposited on JIS SKH2 high speed tool steel by arc ion plating (AIP) method. The surface free energy of the substrate was measured with/without ion bombardment process using nitrogen and argon gas under various gas flow rate before CrN deposition. The surface free energy was measured by the sessile drop method using distilled water and methylene iodide. The adhesion was evaluated by scratch testing and the relationship between a critical load and the surface free energy in each ion bombardment condition was discussed. As a result, it was found that the adhesion increased with decreasing the surface free energy, in particular the polar component strongly affects the adhesion.

Determination of Surface Free Energy and Contact Angle for Hydrolyzed Shellac

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kraisit ◽  
S. Limmatvapirat ◽  
J. Nunthanid ◽  
Manee Luangtana-Anan ◽  
K. Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Polar Group ◽  
Sessile Drop Technique ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Polar Force ◽  
Drop Technique

The purpose of this research was to determine surface free energy and contact angle of hydrolyzed shellac by using sessile drop technique. It is a method for determination of contact angle by placing a drop of liquid on a substrate and the surface free energy is then calculated by using the Wus equation. The substrate in this study was the hydrolyzed shellac prepared by hydrolysis of the native shellac at various times; 0, 15, 30 and 45 min using 2.0 %w/w sodium hydroxide. Water, formamide and ethylene glycol were liquids used for the investigation of the contact angle and surface free energy. The effect of hydrolysis time tended to reduce the contact angle and increase in the total surface free energy and polar force of hydrolyzed shellac. The result could be due to the breaking of the ester bonds of shellac during the hydrolysis process causing the higher free carboxyl group giving the higher polar group indicating by higher polar force and surface free energy. Therefore, the contact angle and surface free energy detected by sessile drop technique could be of benefit for the determination of hydrolysis process.

A new approach to determination of the acid and base parameters of the surface free energy of polymers

2011 ◽  
Vol 436 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Starostina ◽  
O. V. Stoyanov ◽  
N. V. Makhrova ◽  
R. Ya. Deberdeev
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Acid And Base
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