Jury simulation studies: To exclude or not to exclude participants based on a lack of comprehension of the case?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1224-1233
Author(s):  
Hayley J. Cullen ◽  
Lauren A. Monds
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Jury Simulation

Negligent Release Litigation: a Proposal for Procedural Reform

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman G. Poythress
Keyword(s):  
Hindsight Bias ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Jury Simulation ◽  
Procedural Concerns ◽  
Procedural Reform ◽  
The Impact

Much of what has been written lately regarding tort reform has dealt with substantive as opposed to procedural concerns. This paper offers a preliminary proposal regarding procedural reform that would potentially correct for the hindsight bias in negligent release litigation and have application in other torts contexts involving transferred responsibility. The proposal for bifurcated trial proceedings is worthy of consideration by legal scholars and policy makers as a potential mechanism for ensuring fairness and improving the quality of justice. As a footnote, it might be added that social scientists might contribute to the assessment of the proposed bifurcation procedure by conducting jury simulation studies that investigate the impact of bifurcated vs. non-bifurcated procedures as a function of strong vs. weak evidence of clinician negligence in mock negligent release cases.

Dangerous, depraved, and death-worthy: A meta-analysis of the correlates of perceived psychopathy in jury simulation studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-643
Author(s):  
Shannon E. Kelley ◽  
John F. Edens ◽  
Elyse N. Mowle ◽  
Brittany N. Penson ◽  
Allison Rulseh
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Jury Simulation

The Naturalized Epistemology Approach to Evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Gabriel Broughton ◽  
Brian Leiter
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Naturalized Epistemology ◽  
Character Evidence ◽  
Evidence Rules ◽  
Jury Simulation ◽  
Evidence Law ◽  
Eyewitness Identifications

Studying evidence law as part of naturalized epistemology means using the tools and results of the sciences to evaluate evidence rules based on the accuracy of the verdicts they are likely to produce. This chapter introduces the approach and addresses skeptical concerns about the value of systematic empirical research for evidence scholarship, focusing, in particular, on worries about the external validity of jury simulation studies. Finally, turning to applications, it discusses possible reforms regarding eyewitness identifications and character evidence.

RACE, SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS, AND PERCEIVED SIMILARITY AS DETERMINANTS OF JUDGEMENTS BY SIMULATED JURORS

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Gleason ◽  
Victor A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Armed Robbery ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Jury Simulation

Eighty-four simulated jurors judged a defendant on trial for armed robbery after reading trial transcripts and other background information in a 2 × 2 factorial design which varied the defendant's race and socioeconomic status (S.E.S). Higher S.E.S. (middle class) defendants were judged less guilty and assigned fewer years in prison than low S.E.S. defendants regardless of race. A race × S.E.S. interaction on attributed blameworthiness of the defendant, which was inversely related to the jurors' judgements of the defendant's similarity to them, was also found. Theoretical and methodological implications of these findings for jury simulation studies are discussed.

Benefits from Computerized Adaptive Testing as Seen in Simulation Studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz F. Hornke
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Testing ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Adaptive Testing ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Test ◽  
Item Banks ◽  
Item Parameters ◽  
General Reliability

Summary: Item parameters for several hundreds of items were estimated based on empirical data from several thousands of subjects. The logistic one-parameter (1PL) and two-parameter (2PL) model estimates were evaluated. However, model fit showed that only a subset of items complied sufficiently, so that the remaining ones were assembled in well-fitting item banks. In several simulation studies 5000 simulated responses were generated in accordance with a computerized adaptive test procedure along with person parameters. A general reliability of .80 or a standard error of measurement of .44 was used as a stopping rule to end CAT testing. We also recorded how often each item was used by all simulees. Person-parameter estimates based on CAT correlated higher than .90 with true values simulated. For all 1PL fitting item banks most simulees used more than 20 items but less than 30 items to reach the pre-set level of measurement error. However, testing based on item banks that complied to the 2PL revealed that, on average, only 10 items were sufficient to end testing at the same measurement error level. Both clearly demonstrate the precision and economy of computerized adaptive testing. Empirical evaluations from everyday uses will show whether these trends will hold up in practice. If so, CAT will become possible and reasonable with some 150 well-calibrated 2PL items.

Empirical and simulation studies of flexilevel ability testing.

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Betz ◽  
David J. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Ability Testing

Persuasiveness of Forepersons and Personal Stories in Jury Simulation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deana L. Julka ◽  
Megan Massoth ◽  
Melissa Miyakawa
Keyword(s):  
Personal Stories ◽  
Jury Simulation

Adaptive Control Scheme for Coupled Tank Process

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Vinodhini M.
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Nonlinear Behaviour ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Direct Model ◽  
Multivariable Process ◽  
Model Reference Adaptive ◽  
Siso System ◽  
Adaptive Control Scheme

The objective of this paper is to develop a Direct Model Reference Adaptive Control (DMRAC) algorithm for a MIMO process by extending the MIT rule adopted for a SISO system. The controller thus developed is implemented on Laboratory interacting coupled tank process through simulation. This can be regarded as the relevant process control in petrol and chemical industries. These industries involve controlling the liquid level and the flow rate in the presence of nonlinearity and disturbance which justifies the use of adaptive techniques such as DMRAC control scheme. For this purpose, mathematical models are obtained for each of the input-output combinations using white box approach and the respective controllers are developed. A detailed analysis on the performance of the chosen process with these controllers is carried out. Simulation studies reveal the effectiveness of proposed controller for multivariable process that exhibits nonlinear behaviour.

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