Analysenautomation in Wasserlaboratorien mit flow-stream-Automaten Teil 5. Die automatische Bestimmung von Eisen im Wasser

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stream

Effects of channel incision on base flow stream habitats and fishes

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Shields ◽  
S. S. Knight ◽  
C. M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Base Flow ◽  
Channel Incision ◽  
Flow Stream

Rapid-flow enthalpimetric determination of urea in serum, with use of an immobilized urease reactor.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1314-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D Bowers ◽  
L M Canning ◽  
C N Sayers ◽  
P W Carr
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Thermal Detector ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Rapid Flow ◽  
Diacetyl Monoxime ◽  
Flow Stream

Abstract We used a differential thermal detector in conjunction with an immobilized urease reactor to determine urea in serum. Samples (120 mul) are introduced into a flow stream and passed through an "adiabatic" column, which is packed with enough insolubilized urease to completely convert urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. Measured temperature changes are directly proportional to the serum urea concentration. Urea in the presence of protein, bilirubin, and hemoglobin can thus be rapidly, simply, and inexpensively measured. Results correlate well with those obtained by the manual diacetyl monoxime and urease/indophenol methods.

An Experimental Investigation of the Blowout Limits of a Jet Diffusion Flame in Co-Flowing Streams of Different Velocity and Composition

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Wierzba ◽  
K. Kar ◽  
G. A. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Methane Diffusion ◽  
Flow Stream

The blowout limits of a methane diffusion flame in a co-flowing air-fuel or air-diluent stream were determined for a range of surrounding co-flow stream velocities, both laminar and turbulent, up to ~ 1.50 m/s. Methane, ethylene, propane and hydrogen were used as the fuels in the surrounding co-flow stream while nitrogen and carbon dioxide were used as diluents. The experimental results show that the velocity of the surrounding stream affects the blowout phenomena significantly. An increase in the stream velocity has a detrimental effect on the blowout limits at very low velocities up to 0.30 m/s (essentially laminar flow) and at velocities higher than 1.50 m/s (turbulent flow). The addition of a fuel to the air stream in most cases enhances the blowout limit of a methane diffusion flame. However, different trends in the variation of the blowout limits with the surrounding fuel concentration were observed, depending on the type of fuel used and on whether the surrounding coflow stream was laminar or turbulent. The addition of nitrogen or carbon dioxide to the air stream results in decreasing the blowout limits. The effect is more severe at the higher velocities.

Distribution, propagation, and coordination of contractile activity in lymphatics

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. H1283-H1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Zawieja ◽  
K. L. Davis ◽  
R. Schuster ◽  
W. M. Hinds ◽  
H. J. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junction ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Gap Junctional Communication ◽  
Junctional Communication ◽  
Gap Junctional ◽  
Flow Stream

The propagation and coordination of lymphatic contractions were studied in the mesentery of the rat small intestine using in situ microscopic observation. Indexes of lymphatic diameter were simultaneously measured at two adjacent lymphangions in spontaneously contracting lymphatics (n = 51). Diameter index, contraction frequency, and the percentage of the intersegmental contractions that were propagated and coordinated (PP) were determined at both sites. The conduction velocity of the contractile activity and the percentage of the coordinated contractions that were propagated both antegrade to the direction of lymph flow and retrograde to the flow stream were determined. The results indicate that 1) 80-90% of the lymphatic contractions in the vessels we evaluated were propagated, 2) the wave of contractile activity propagated both centrally and peripherally, and 3) the conduction velocity of the contractile activity was approximately 4-8 mm/s. We tested the hypothesis that gap junctional communication is responsible for the coordination of the contractile event. To accomplish this, we used the gap junction blockers n-heptanol and oleic acid. PP was 90 +/- 4% under normal conditions and fell to a minimum value of 55 +/- 7% during the gap junction blockade. These results indicate that gap junctional communication played an important role in the propagation and coordination of contractions that occurred in spontaneously active lymphatics.

scholarly journals Zero or not? Causes and consequences of zero‐flow stream gage readings

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Zimmer ◽  
Kendra E. Kaiser ◽  
Joanna R. Blaszczak ◽  
Samuel C. Zipper ◽  
John C. Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stream ◽  
Zero Flow

TEST METHODS FOR MEASURING MINIMUM HOLDING TIMES IN CONTINUOUS EGG PASTEURIZERS1

1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 310-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vern F. Kaufman ◽  
George W. Putnam ◽  
Kosuke Ijichi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Leak Detector ◽  
Immersion Freezing ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Flow Stream

Two test methods that may be used in commercial egg pasteurizers while in normal operation are described. Either may be used without damage to the product and with almost no disturbance to regular plant procedures. These tests have been needed to help determine the degree of compliance with pasteurization requirements. The first method requires injection of a cold shot into the flow stream entering the holding tube and determination of the time required for the first of this material to arrive at the outlet of the holding tube. The cold shot is introduced into the line by use of a by-pass loop. The arrival of the cold shot at the end of the holding tube is detected by use of a sensitive recorder to indicate the temperature change. The second method is based on the use of a fluorocarbon compound as a tracer. The compound is dissolved in yolk, which is injected into the flow stream entering the holding tube. Samples taken at the end of the holding tube are checked with a fluorocarbon leak detector of the type used in the refrigeration industry. The first positive sample is taken as the time of arrival of the injected tracer. Fluorocarbon compound 12 which is permitted in the immersion freezing of foods may be used and has no effects on the functional properties of the products.

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