scholarly journals Assessment of cortical vulnerability of the anterior cingulate cortex in the behavioral variant of Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Berendrecht ◽  
Priya Gami‐Patel ◽  
Raluca E. Blujdea ◽  
Ellen H. Singleton ◽  
Femke Bouwman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate

Non-Phosphorylated Tau in Cerebrospinal Fluid is a Marker of Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum in Young Urbanites Exposed to Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas ◽  
Partha S. Mukherjee ◽  
Katharina Waniek ◽  
Max Holzer ◽  
Chih-kai Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Axonal Damage ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau ◽  
Axonal Pathology

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) above USEPA standards is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) children exhibit subcortical pretangles in infancy and cortical tau pre-tangles, NFTs, and amyloid phases 1–2 by the 2nd decade. Given their AD continuum, we measured in 507 normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples (MMC 354, controls 153, 12.82 ± 6.73 y), a high affinity monoclonal non- phosphorylated tau antibody (non-P-Tau), as a potential biomarker of AD and axonal damage. In 81 samples, we also measured total tau (T-Tau), tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-Tau), amyloid-β1–42, BDNF, and vitamin D. We documented by electron microscopy myelinated axonal size and the pathology associated with combustion-derived nanoparticles (CDNPs) in anterior cingulate cortex white matter in 6 young residents (16.25 ± 3.34 y). Non-P-Tau showed a strong increase with age significantly faster among MMC versus controls (p = 0.0055). Aβ1–42 and BDNF concentrations were lower in MMC children (p = 0.002 and 0.03, respectively). Anterior cingulate cortex showed a significant decrease (p = <0.0001) in the average axonal size and CDNPs were associated with organelle pathology. Significant age increases in non-P-Tau support tau changes early in a population with axonal pathology and evolving AD hallmarks in the first two decades of life. Non-P-Tau is an early biomarker of axonal damage and potentially valuable to monitor progressive longitudinal changes along with AD multianalyte classical CSF markers. Neuroprotection of young urbanites with PM2.5 and CDNPs exposures ought to be a public health priority to halt the development of AD in the first two decades of life.

scholarly journals Semiautomated Assessment of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Alzheimer's Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Flora Jung ◽  
Samaneh Kazemifar ◽  
Robert Bartha ◽  
Nagalingam Rajakumar
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate

scholarly journals The behavioral variant of Alzheimer's disease does not show a selective loss of Von Economo and phylogenetically related neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Singleton ◽  
Yolande A.L. Pijnenburg ◽  
Priya Gami-Patel ◽  
Baayla D.C. Boon ◽  
Femke Bouwman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Von Economo Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Selective Loss

Background: The neurobiological origins of the early and predominant behavioral changes seen in the behavioral variant of Alzheimer's disease (bvAD) remain unclear. A selective loss of Von Economo Neurons (VENs) and phylogenetically related neurons have been observed in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and several psychiatric diseases. Here, we assessed whether these specific neuronal populations show a selective loss in bvAD. Methods: VENs and GABA receptor subunit theta (GABRQ)-immunoreactive pyramidal neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were quantified in post-mortem tissue of patients with bvAD (n=9) and compared to typical AD (tAD, n=6), bvFTD due to frontotemporal lobar degeneration based on TDP-43 pathology (FTLD, n=18) and controls (n=13) using ANCOVAs adjusted for age and Bonferroni corrected. In addition, ratios of VENs and GABRQ-immunoreactive (GABRQ-ir) pyramidal neurons over all Layer 5 neurons were compared between groups to correct for overall Layer 5 neuronal loss. Results: The number of VENs or GABRQ-ir neurons did not differ significantly between bvAD (VENs: 26.0±15.3, GABRQ-ir pyramidal: 260.44±87.13) and tAD (VENs: 32.0±18.1, p=1.00, GABRQ-ir pyramidal: 349.83±109.64, p=0.38) and controls (VENs: 33.5±20.3, p=1.00, GABRQ-ir pyramidal: 339.38±95.88, p=0.37). Compared to bvFTD, patients with bvAD showed significantly more GABRQ-ir pyramidal neurons (bvFTD: 140.39±82.58, p=0.01) and no significant differences in number of VENs (bvFTD: 10.9±13.8, p=0.13). Results were similar when assessing the number of VENs and GABRQ-ir relative to all neurons of Layer 5. Discussion: VENs and phylogenetically related neurons did not show a selective loss in the ACC in patients with bvAD. Our results suggest that, unlike in bvFTD, the clinical presentation in bvAD may not be related to the loss of VENs and related neurons in the ACC.

Reduced Thickness of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex as a Predictor of Amnestic-Mild Cognitive Impairment Conversion to Alzheimer’s Disease with Psychosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hee-Jeong Jeong ◽  
Young-Min Lee ◽  
Je-Min Park ◽  
Byung-Dae Lee ◽  
Eunsoo Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: A long-term follow-up study in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is needed to elucidate the association between regional brain volume and psychopathological mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease with psychosis (AD + P). Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the thickness of the angular cingulate cortex (ACC) on the risk of AD + P conversion in patients with aMCI. Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective longitudinal study including 174 patients with aMCI. The main outcome measure was time-to-progression from aMCI to AD + P. Subregions of the ACC (rostral ACC, rACC; caudal ACC, cACC) and hippocampus (HC) were measured as regions of interest with magnetic resonance imaging and the Freesurfer analysis at baseline. Survival analysis with time to incident AD + P as an event variable was calculated with Cox proportional hazards models using the subregions of the ACC and HC as a continuous variable. Results: Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that the risk of AD + P was associated with sub-regional ACC thickness but not HC volume: reduced cortical thickness of the left cACC (HR [95%CI], 0.224 [0.087–0.575], p = 0.002), right cACC (HR [95%CI], 0.318 [0.132–0.768], p = 0.011). This association of the cACC with the risk of AD also remained significant when adjusted for HC volume. Conclusion: We found that reduced cortical thickness of the cACC is a predictor of aMCI conversion to AD + P, independent of HC, suggesting that the ACC plays a vital role in the underlying pathogenesis of AD + P.

scholarly journals Diagnostic power of resting-state fMRI for detection of network connectivity in Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
BUHARI IBRAHIM ◽  
Nisha Syed Nasser ◽  
NORMALA IBRAHIM ◽  
Mazlyfarina Mohamed ◽  
Hasyma Abu Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Diagnostic Power

Resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) detects functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities that occur in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). FC of the default mode network (DMN), which is involved in memory consolidation, is commonly impaired in AD and MCI. We aimed to determine the diagnostic power of rs-fMRI to identify FC abnormalities in the DMN, which help to distinguish patients with AD or MCI from healthy controls (HCs). We searched articles in PubMed and Scopus databases using the search terms such as AD, MCI, resting-state fMRI, sensitivity and specificity through to 27th March 2020 and removed duplicate papers. We screened 390 published articles, and shortlisted 12 articles for the final analysis. The range of sensitivity of DMN FC at the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) for diagnosing AD was between 65.7% - 100% and specificity ranged from 66 - 95%. Reduced DMN FC between the PCC and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the frontal lobes was observed in MCI patients. AD patients had impaired FC in most regions of the DMN; particularly the PCC in early AD. This indicates that DMN's rs-fMRI FC can offer moderate to high diagnostic power to distinguish AD and MCI patients. fMRI detected abnormal DMN FC, particularly in the PCC that helps to differentiate AD and MCI patients from healthy controls (HCs). Combining multivariate method of analysis with other MRI parameters such as structural changes improve the diagnostic power of rs-fMRI in distinguishing patients with AD or MCI from HCs.

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