scholarly journals The effect of missing cognitive data on the detection of bias due to hearing impairment in cognitive testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Nichols ◽  
Jennifer A Deal ◽  
Bonnielin K Swenor ◽  
Alison Abraham ◽  
Michael E Griswold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Data

scholarly journals A New Remote Guided Method for Supervised Web-Based Cognitive Testing to Ensure High Quality Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Leong ◽  
Kausar Raheel ◽  
Sim Jia Yi ◽  
Kriti Kacker ◽  
Vasilis M. Karlaftis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Cognitive Data

Background. The global COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a fundamental reexamination of how human psychological research can be conducted both safely and robustly in a new era of digital working and physical distancing. Online web-based testing has risen to the fore as a promising solution for rapid mass collection of cognitive data without requiring human contact. However, a long-standing debate exists over the data quality and validity of web-based studies. Here, we examine the opportunities and challenges afforded by the societal shift toward web-based testing, highlight an urgent need to establish a standard data quality assurance framework for online studies, and develop and validate a new supervised online testing methodology, remote guided testing (RGT). Methods. A total of 85 healthy young adults were tested on 10 cognitive tasks assessing executive functioning (flexibility, memory and inhibition) and learning. Tasks were administered either face-to-face in the laboratory (N=41) or online using remote guided testing (N=44), delivered using identical web-based platforms (CANTAB, Inquisit and i-ABC). Data quality was assessed using detailed trial-level measures (missed trials, outlying and excluded responses, response times), as well as overall task performance measures. Results. The results indicated that, across all measures of data quality and performance, RGT data was statistically-equivalent to data collected in person in the lab. Moreover, RGT participants out-performed the lab group on measured verbal intelligence, which could reflect test environment differences, including possible effects of mask-wearing on communication. Conclusions. These data suggest that the RGT methodology could help to ameliorate concerns regarding online data quality and - particularly for studies involving high-risk or rare cohorts - offer an alternative for collecting high-quality human cognitive data without requiring in-person physical attendance.

A New Remote Guided Method for Supervised Web-Based Cognitive Testing to Ensure High Quality Data (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Leong ◽  
Kausar Raheel ◽  
Jia Yi Sim ◽  
Kriti Kacker ◽  
Vasilis M Karlaftis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Cognitive Data

BACKGROUND The global COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a fundamental reexamination of how human psychological research can be conducted both safely and robustly in a new era of digital working and physical distancing. Online web-based testing has risen to the fore as a promising solution for rapid mass collection of cognitive data without requiring human contact. However, a long-standing debate exists over the data quality and validity of web-based studies. OBJECTIVE Here, we examine the opportunities and challenges afforded by the societal shift toward web-based testing, highlight an urgent need to establish a standard data quality assurance framework for online studies, and develop and validate a new supervised online testing methodology, remote guided testing (RGT). METHODS A total of 85 healthy young adults were tested on 10 cognitive tasks assessing executive functioning (flexibility, memory and inhibition) and learning. Tasks were administered either face-to-face in the laboratory (N=41) or online using remote guided testing (N=44), delivered using identical web-based platforms (CANTAB, Inquisit and i-ABC). Data quality was assessed using detailed trial-level measures (missed trials, outlying and excluded responses, response times), as well as overall task performance measures. RESULTS The results indicated that, across all measures of data quality and performance, RGT data was statistically-equivalent to data collected in person in the lab. Moreover, RGT participants out-performed the lab group on measured verbal intelligence, which could reflect test environment differences, including possible effects of mask-wearing on communication. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the RGT methodology could help to ameliorate concerns regarding online data quality and - particularly for studies involving high-risk or rare cohorts - offer an alternative for collecting high-quality human cognitive data without requiring in-person physical attendance. CLINICALTRIAL N.A.

scholarly journals Effect of Hearing Ability and Mild Behavioural Impairment on MoCA and Memory Index Scores

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny A. Gosselin ◽  
Zahinoor Ismail ◽  
Peter D. Faris ◽  
Carmen L. Benkoczi ◽  
Tammy L. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Community Rehabilitation ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Relationship Of

BackgroundThe life-course model of modifiable risk factors for dementia now recognizes managing hearing loss and addressing social isolation. ObjectiveTo investigate the contribution and inter-relationship of hear-ing ability and behaviour change on cognitive ability. MethodsWe present the preliminary findings from a prospective lon-gitudinal study of 35 non-demented participants ages 60–93, recruited from community rehabilitation and acute-care programs of Geriatric Medicine, who underwent baseline hearing, behavioural, and cognitive testing. ResultsAfter controlling for age and hearing impairment, the left ear Dichotic Digit Test (DDT) score accounted uniquely for 20% of the variance in MoCA Memory Index (p = .016 with β = .598). Mild Behavioural Impairment (MBI) was highly prevalent, with 80% of older adults reporting at least one MBI symptom. People with hearing impairment had greater global MBI burden than people with normal hearing, especially in the domains of apathy and impulse dyscontrol; however, greater severity of hearing impairment was not associated with a higher number of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS).ConclusionsLow left DDT contributed to lower memory index and greater MBI burden is associated with hearing impairment. Our find-ings demonstrate the value of early non-invasive hearing and behavioural assessments as part of dementia risk assessment in older adults. 

scholarly journals Impact of Hearing Impairment on Missingness of Cognitive Test Scores in the ARIC Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 821-822
Author(s):  
Jennifer Deal ◽  
Alden Gross ◽  
Alison Abraham ◽  
A Richey Sharrett ◽  
Nicholas Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Access Test ◽  
Aric Study ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite its high prevalence, the impact of hearing impairment on completion of cognitive tests, many of which rely on auditory input to access test material, has not been described. We investigated if hearing impairment is associated with missing scores in 3602 adults (72-94 years, 23% black, 60% female). Cognition was measured using 10 neurocognitive tests. Pure tone better-ear hearing thresholds (0.5-4 kHz) were averaged and categorized. ≥Moderate hearing impairment (versus none) was associated with greater missingness on two auditory tests: Logical Memory (prevalence ratio [PR]:1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.01,1.70) and Digits Backwards (PR:1.35, 95% CI:1.00,1.82); and the non-auditory Trail Making Test Part B (PR:1.48, 95% CI:1.24,1.77). Compared to models using complete cognitive data, models that imputed missing scores showed stronger associations of hearing impairment with poor cognitive performance. Older adults with HI are less likely to complete cognitive testing, resulting in biased estimates of the hearing impairment-cognitive performance relationship.

scholarly journals Assessment of Hearing or Vision Impairment in Studies Collecting Cognitive Data in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 822-822
Author(s):  
Chelsea Liu ◽  
Lama Assi ◽  
Niranjani Nagarajan ◽  
Danielle Powell ◽  
Kening Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Patient Report ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Near Visual Acuity ◽  
Measured Distance ◽  
Standard Practices ◽  
Cognitive Data

Abstract Despite the high prevalence of sensory impairment in older adults, there are no standard practices for its consideration in cognitive studies. We conducted a systematic review to identify and survey prospective cohort studies collecting cognitive data in older adults in order to determine whether and how hearing and vision were considered. Among 81 cohorts that responded, 30 (37%) objectively assessed hearing, with audiometry as the most frequently-used method; 61 (75%) used patient-report and 12 (15%) used provider-report to subjectively assess hearing. Forty-one (51%) cohorts objectively assessed vision, half of which measured distance or near visual acuity; 55 (68%) used patient-report and 10 (12%) used provider-report to subjectively assess vision. Nineteen (23%) cohorts offered hearing accommodations and 30 (37%) offered vision accommodations during cognitive testing. Findings indicate variation in methods used to assess hearing and vision as well as in accommodation practices that could impact estimates of cognition among older adults.

Hearing Aid Amplification Reduces Communication Effort of People With Hearing Impairment and Their Conversation Partners

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Beechey ◽  
Jörg M. Buchholz ◽  
Gitte Keidser
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Referential Communication ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Directional Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Communication Task ◽  
Acoustic Environments ◽  
The Impact

Objectives This study investigates the hypothesis that hearing aid amplification reduces effort within conversation for both hearing aid wearers and their communication partners. Levels of effort, in the form of speech production modifications, required to maintain successful spoken communication in a range of acoustic environments are compared to earlier reported results measured in unaided conversation conditions. Design Fifteen young adult normal-hearing participants and 15 older adult hearing-impaired participants were tested in pairs. Each pair consisted of one young normal-hearing participant and one older hearing-impaired participant. Hearing-impaired participants received directional hearing aid amplification, according to their audiogram, via a master hearing aid with gain provided according to the NAL-NL2 fitting formula. Pairs of participants were required to take part in naturalistic conversations through the use of a referential communication task. Each pair took part in five conversations, each of 5-min duration. During each conversation, participants were exposed to one of five different realistic acoustic environments presented through highly open headphones. The ordering of acoustic environments across experimental blocks was pseudorandomized. Resulting recordings of conversational speech were analyzed to determine the magnitude of speech modifications, in terms of vocal level and spectrum, produced by normal-hearing talkers as a function of both acoustic environment and the degree of high-frequency average hearing impairment of their conversation partner. Results The magnitude of spectral modifications of speech produced by normal-hearing talkers during conversations with aided hearing-impaired interlocutors was smaller than the speech modifications observed during conversations between the same pairs of participants in the absence of hearing aid amplification. Conclusions The provision of hearing aid amplification reduces the effort required to maintain communication in adverse conditions. This reduction in effort provides benefit to hearing-impaired individuals and also to the conversation partners of hearing-impaired individuals. By considering the impact of amplification on both sides of dyadic conversations, this approach contributes to an increased understanding of the likely impact of hearing impairment on everyday communication.

The Impact of Subjective and Objective Hearing Loss on Cognition and Memory in Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Rogalski ◽  
Amy Rominger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Professional Collaboration ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Text Passage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Audiologic Evaluation

For this exploratory cross-disciplinary study, a speech-language pathologist and an audiologist collaborated to investigate the effects of objective and subjective hearing loss on cognition and memory in 11 older adults without hearing loss (OAs), 6 older adults with unaided hearing loss (HLOAs), and 16 young adults (YAs). All participants received cognitive testing and a complete audiologic evaluation including a subjective questionnaire about perceived hearing difficulty. Memory testing involved listening to or reading aloud a text passage then verbally recalling the information. Key findings revealed that objective hearing loss and subjective hearing loss were correlated and both were associated with a cognitive screening test. Potential clinical implications are discussed and include a need for more cross-professional collaboration in assessing older adults with hearing loss.

Relationships Between Subjective Ratings and Objective Measures of Performance in Speechreading Sentences

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn E. Demorest ◽  
Lynne E. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Phonetic Distance ◽  
Stimulus Length ◽  
Measures Of Performance ◽  
Confidence Scale

Ninety-six participants with normal hearing and 63 with severe-to-profound hearing impairment viewed 100 CID Sentences (Davis & Silverman, 1970) and 100 B-E Sentences (Bernstein & Eberhardt, 1986b). Objective measures included words correct, phonemes correct, and visual-phonetic distance between the stimulus and response. Subjective ratings were made on a 7-point confidence scale. Magnitude of validity coefficients ranged from .34 to .76 across materials, measures, and groups. Participants with hearing impairment had higher levels of objective performance, higher subjective ratings, and higher validity coefficients, although there were large individual differences. Regression analyses revealed that subjective ratings are predictable from stimulus length, response length, and objective performance. The ability of speechreaders to make valid performance evaluations was interpreted in terms of contemporary word recognition models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document