Effect of bio-oil and epoxidized linseed oil on physical, mechanical, and biological properties of treated wood

Abstract The known method of wood modification by epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) has a limiting practical application due to the rapid polymerization of ELO in the presence of acetic acid (AA) needed as a catalyst. The present study was designed to develop an alternative method by means of a two-step process to avoid the rapid polymerization. The treatment options were tested on Scots pine sapwood, with the dimensional stability (DS) of the treated samples in focus. The new method provided an anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) in the range of 40–57%, which was even better than the thermally modified (TM) reference samples with 40% ASE. The developed two-step process is a feasible and practical approach for ELO treatment of wood.

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Dynamic–Mechanical and Decomposition Properties of Flax/Basalt Hybrid Laminates Based on an Epoxidized Linseed Oil Polymer

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13040479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 479

Author(s):

Dana Luca Motoc ◽

Jose Miguel Ferri ◽

Santiago Ferrandiz-Bou ◽

Daniel Garcia-Garcia ◽

Rafael Balart

Keyword(s):

Linseed Oil ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Glutaric Anhydride ◽

Transfer Molding ◽

Dynamic Mechanical ◽

Thermal Gravimetry ◽

Hybrid Laminates ◽

Two Stages ◽

Decomposition Properties ◽

Epoxidized Linseed Oil

This contribution focuses on the development of flax and flax/basalt hybrid reinforced composites based on epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) resin, exploiting the feasibility of different ratios of glutaric anhydride (GA) to maleinized linseed oil (MLO) in the hardener system (50:0, 40:10 and 30:20 wt.%) to provide crosslinked thermosets with balanced properties. The hybrid laminates have been manufactured by resin transfer molding (RTM) and subjected to dynamic–mechanical (DMA) and thermal gravimetry (TGA) analysis. The presence of glutaric anhydride (GA) resulted in hard and relatively brittle flax and flax/basalt laminates, whose loss moduli decreased as the number of basalt plies diminished. Furthermore, the increase in MLO content in the GA:MLO hardener system shifted the glass transition temperatures (Tg) from 70 °C to 59 and 56 °C, which is representative of a decrease in brittleness of the crosslinked resin. All samples exhibited two stages of their decomposition process irrespective of the MLO content. The latter influenced the residual mass content that increased with the increase of the MLO wt.% from 10 to 30 wt.%, with shifts of the final degradation temperatures from 410 °C to 425 °C and 445 °C, respectively.

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Curing of wood treated with vinyl acetate-epoxidized linseed oil copolymer (VAc-ELO)

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2015-0092 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 305-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shengzhen Cai ◽

Mohamed Jebrane ◽

Nasko Terziev

Keyword(s):

Vinyl Acetate ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Reflectance Ftir ◽

New Formulation ◽

Time Linear ◽

Ir Bands ◽

Epoxidized Linseed Oil

Abstract Scots pine sapwood was treated with a new formulation consisting of vinyl acetate (VAc) and epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) catalyzed by potassium persulfate to impart protection to wood. The effects of various curing temperatures, durations, and solution uptakes on dimensional stability (DS) and leachability were studied. The new formulation provided good anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) ranging from 35% to 47% with negligible leaching of the treating agent after four cycles of water soaking and oven drying (2%–2.5%). The extent of polymerization in wood was observed by FTIR-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) by evaluation of the areas below typical IR bands as a function of curing temperature and time. Linear relationships were found with high R2 values. The FTIR data of extracted samples were interpreted that chemical reactions took place between the resulting copolymer and wood components.

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Fully Biobased Epoxy Resins from Fatty Acids and Lignin

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25051158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pablo Ortiz ◽

Richard Vendamme ◽

Walter Eevers

Keyword(s):

Epoxy Resin ◽

Renewable Resources ◽

Epoxy Resins ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Present System ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Commodity Chemicals ◽

Epoxidized Linseed Oil

The use of renewable resources for plastic production is an imperious need for the reduction of the carbon footprint and the transition towards a circular economy. With that goal in mind, fully biobased epoxy resins have been designed and prepared by combining epoxidized linseed oil, lignin, and a biobased diamine derived from fatty acid dimers. The aromatic structures in lignin provide hardness and strength to an otherwise flexible and breakable epoxy resin. The curing of the system was investigated by infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The influence of the different components on the thermo-mechanical properties of the epoxy resins was analyzed by DSC, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile tests. As the content of lignin in the resin increases, so does the glass transition, the Young’s modulus, and the onset of thermal degradation. This correlation is non-linear, and the higher the percentage of lignin, the more pronounced the effect. All the components of the epoxy resin being commodity chemicals, the present system provides a realistic opportunity for the preparation of fully biorenewable resins at an industrial scale.

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Bionanocomposites from Renewable Resources: Epoxidized Linseed Oil−Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes Hybrid Materials

Biomacromolecules ◽

10.1021/bm060703u ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 3521-3526 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Gerard Lligadas ◽

Joan C. Ronda ◽

Marina Galià ◽

Virginia Cádiz

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Materials ◽

Renewable Resources ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes ◽

Epoxidized Linseed Oil

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Influence of epoxidized linseed oil and sisal fibers on structure-property relationship of epoxy biocomposite

Polymer Composites ◽

10.1002/pc.24857 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (S4) ◽

pp. E2595-E2605 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sushanta K Sahoo ◽

Vinay Khandelwal ◽

Gaurav Manik

Keyword(s):

Linseed Oil ◽

Structure Property ◽

Property Relationship ◽

Structure Property Relationship ◽

Sisal Fibers ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Epoxidized Linseed Oil

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Curing of epoxidized linseed oil: Investigation of the curing reaction with different hardener types

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.50239 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 50239

Author(s):

Andrea Todorovic ◽

Katharina Resch‐Fauster ◽

Arunjunai Raj Mahendran ◽

Gernot Oreski ◽

Wolfgang Kern

Keyword(s):

Linseed Oil ◽

Curing Reaction ◽

Epoxidized Linseed Oil

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Development of linseed oil–TiO2 green nanocomposites as antimicrobial coatings

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c5tb00209e ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (21) ◽

pp. 4458-4471 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Ana M. Díez-Pascual ◽

Angel L. Díez-Vicente

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Nanocomposite Coatings ◽

Public Places ◽

Uv Curable ◽

Antimicrobial Coatings ◽

Microbial Proliferation ◽

Epoxidized Linseed Oil

UV-curable acrylated epoxidized linseed oil–TiO2 nanocomposite coatings with antimicrobial activity were developed to prevent microbial proliferation in public places like hospitals.

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